Fringe -es: an edging of hair, scales or other processes extending well beyond the margin and usually of even length: in Lepidoptera, fringes occur on the outer margins of all wings and consist of scales or hair projecting beyond the wing membrane. Frog: the articular pan, - q.v. Frons: = front; q.v. Front: the anterior portion of head between base of antennae and below ocelli: in Homoptera, the vertical median area of face. Frontal: referring to the front of head or anterior aspect of any part. Frontal costa: Orthoptera, a prominent vertical ridge of bead which may be median or lateral: see median carina and lateral carina. Frontal fastigium: in Orthoptera, that process of the face extending dorsad between the antennae and meeting or nearly meeting the fastigium of the vertex in Tettigidae. Frontal fissure: Diptera; the impressed line extending from the frontal lunule to the border of the mouth. Frontal lobes: in Psyllidae, two lobes or swellings more or less completely divided by a suture in which an ocellus is situated. Frontal lunule: Diptera; an oval or crescentic space above the base of antennae in Cyclorrhapha, bounded by the frontal suture. Frontal processes: Diptera; = antennal process, q.v. Frontal ridge: in Coleopteran; a sharp ridge on the dorsal margin of the eye, extending forward. Frontal stripe: Diptera; the middle of the front when membranous or discolored: = vitta frontalis. Frontal suture: Diptera; separates the frontal lunule from that part of the head above it: in Coleopteran; = clypeal suture. Frontal tubercles: in certain Aphids, are raised structures upon which the antennae are placed. Frontal triangle: Diptera; the triangular space in males, between the eyes below, limited by a line drawn through base of antennae. Frontal vesicle: in Odonata; that elevated area on the vertex upon which the ocelli are situated. Fronto-orbital bristles: in Diptera; are placed on each side of the front, just below the vertical bristles. Fugitive: soon disappearing; not permanent. Fulcrant: the trochanter when continued along the femur, as in Carabids. Fulcrum: the chitinous envelope at the base of mouth in Diptera and Hymenoptera, covering the beginning of the oesophagus: any structure that serves as a support to another.. Fulgidus: shining. Fuliginous -osus: sooty or smoky brown [Van Dyke brown + a little black]. Fulvo-aeneous: brazen, with a touch of brownish yellow [brown pink]. Fulvous -us: tawny; light brown with much yellow; nearly orange [pale cadmium yellow + Indian red]. Fumate -us: smoky gray [gray]. Fumose: smoky. Function: the work or duty which a given part or organ normally performs. Fungicolous: living in or on fungi. Funicle: the joints between the scape and club in Funiculate antennae: a small cord: a slender stalk. Funiculate: whip-like: long, slender, composed of many flexible joints. Funicule: a small, cord-like structure; especially when sheathed.