Funiculus: the main tendon of abdomen: in Hymenoptera a slender ligament connecting the propodeum to petiole on its dorsal aspect. Furca: a fork: the anal appendage used for leaping in Thysanura; see furcula: the forked ental processes of the sternum. Furcal orifice: see sternal into orifice. Furcate: forked; divided nto two approximately equal divisions. Furcula: a forked process: an osmaterium {Scanner's comment: sic. See comment under "osmaterium".}: in Collembola the spring or saltatory appendage borne by the fourth abdominal segment: in Orthoptera, a pair of backwardly directed appendages which overlie in a more or less forked position the base of the supra-anal plate. Furred: covered with dense hair resembling fur. Fuscescent: becoming brown; with a brown shading. Fusco-ferruginous: brownish rust red. Fuseo-piceous: pitch black with a brown tinge or admixture. Fuseo-rufous: red-brown, approaching liver brown. Fuseo-testaceous: dull reddish brown [brown ocher]. Fuscous -us: dark brown, approaching black; a plain mixture of black and red [crimson lake + black]. Fused: run together: applied when two normally separated markings become confluent and have a common outline. Fusiform: spindle-shaped: tapering gradually to each end. Fusulus: = spinneret, q.v. G Gales: the outer lobe of the maxilla, usually two-jointed, often hood-like, subject to great modifications in Hymenoptera and Diptera, and forms the coiled tongue in Lepidoptera. Galeotheca: that part of the pupal case that covers the gales. Gall: an abnormal swelling or excrescence on a plant, produced by an insect: = cecidium. Gallicolous: dwellers in galls, whether as producers or inquilines. Gallivorous: feeding upon galls or gall tissue. Gamogenesis: reproduction through fertilization: see agamogenesis. Ganglion -ia: a nerve centre composed of a cell mass and fibres: the white disc-like bodies connected by a double cord, lying above the ventral surface within the body and forming the centre of the nervous system. Gasterotheca: that part of the pupa case that covers the abdomen. Gastric: of or belonging to the belly or to the stomach. Gastric caeca: = caecum; q.v. Gastro-coeli: a pair of usually transverse lateral pits near the base of the second abdominal tergite in some Hymenoptera. Gastro-ileal folds: occur in some insects at the junction of the chylific ventricle with the ileum and serve as a valve. Gastrula: that embryonic stage resembling a sac, with an outer layer of epiblastic cells and an inner layer of hypoblastic cells. Gastrulation: the process of forming a gastrula. Gathering hairs: the soft, flattened, often hooked hairs on the tongue of bees and other Hymenoptera; = hooked hairs. Gelatinous: of a jelly-like texture or consistency: viscid. Geminate: arranged in pairs composed of two similar parts: doubled. Gemmate -us: marked with metallic or bright colored spots.