Planipennia: applied to Neuroptera in which the wings are large and laid flat on the body wnen at rest; Sialidae, Myrmeleonidae, etc. Planta -ae: the basal joint of the posterior tarsus in pollen gathering Hymenoptera: the soles of the posterior tarsal joints: the anal clasping legs of caterpillars. Plantigrade: species that walk on the entire foot, not on the claws alone. Plantula: a lobe of the divided tarsal pulvillus; one of the soles or climbing cushions of the foot: see arolium; pulviglus. Plaques: the small leathery hemelytra in some Naucorids. Plasma: the liquid portion of animal fluids and cells. Plasticity: the capacity for being formed, moulded or developed. Plate: any broad flattened piece or sclerite: = squame, in Coccidae. Platelet: a little plate or sclerite of chitin in a membrane. Plates: in Coccidae, the squames; q.v.: in male Homoptera, a pair of pieces following the last full ventral segment; usually preceded by a short piece, - the valve. Platyptera: flat and broad-winged: an ordinal term applied to insects with four net-veined wings, secondaries longitudinally folded beneath primaries; mouth mandibulate; prothorax free; transformations complete: Psocidae, Termitidae, Perlidae and Mallophaga. {Scanner's comment: These four groups are now placed in totally separate orders, and not families as these names imply} Plecoptera or Plectoptera: plaited winged: an ordinal term applied to net-veined insects in which the secondaries are longitudinally folded beneath primaries; mouth mandibulate; body loosely jointed; prothorax free; metamorphosis incomplete: the term Plecoptera was used by Brauer for Perlidae; Plectoptera by Packard for the Ephemerida: there has been some confusion since, and both have been used in the Brauer sense. Pleon: = abdomen; q.v. Pleopoda: abdominal legs of larva: posterior legs of an adult. Plesiobiosis: see symbiosis. Plesiotype: any specimen identified with a described or named species by a person other than the describer. Pleura: plural of pleuron or pleurum: the lateral sclerites between the dorsal and sternal portion of the thorax: in general, the sides of the body between the dorsum and sternum. Pleural areas: on the metanotum of some Hymenoptera, the three spaces between the lateral and pleural carinae; the 1st or anterior = spiracular area; the 2d or central = middle pleural; the 3d or posterior = angular area. Pleural carinae: in Hymenoptera, extend along the exterior margin of the metanotum. Pleural pieces: the lateral sclerites of the thorax; see pleura. Pleurites: the sclerites into which the pleurum is divided. Pleuron: the side of the thorax. Pleuropodia: embryonic or temporary bands formed by the modified first pair of abdominal legs in many insects. Pleurostict: lamellicorn beetles in which the abdominal spiracles are situated on the dorsal portion of the ventral sclerites. Pleurum: = pleuron; plural, pleura; q.v.