[7] The classification was presented in the form of a memorandum to
the Commission on Nebulae of the International Astronomical Union in
1923. Copies of the memorandum were distributed by the chairman to
all members of the Commission. The classification was discussed at
the Cambridge meeting in 1925, and has been published in an account
of the meeting by Mrs. Roberts in _L’Astronomie_, ❰40❱, 169, 1926.
Further consideration of the matter was left to a subcommittee, with
a resolution that the adopted system should be as purely descriptive
as possible, and free from any terms suggesting order of physical
development (_Transactions of the I.A.U._, 2, 1925). Mrs. Roberts’
report also indicates the preference of the Commission for the term
“extra-galactic” in place of the original, and then necessarily
non-committal, “non-galactic.”
Meanwhile K. Lundmark, who was present at the Cambridge meeting and
has since been appointed a member of the Commission, has recently
published (_Arkiv für Matematik, Astronomi och Fysik, Band 19B_,
No. 8, 1926) a classification, which, except for nomenclature, is
practically identical with that submitted by me. Dr. Lundmark makes
no acknowledgments or references to the discussions of the Commission
other than those for the use of the term “galactic.”
[8] _Problems of Cosmogony and Stellar Dynamics_, 1919.
[9] N.G.C. 4486 (M 87) may be an exception. On the best photographs
made with the 100-inch reflector, numerous exceedingly faint images,
apparently of stars, are found around the periphery. It was among these
that Belanowsky’s nova of 1919 appeared. The observations are described
in _Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific_, ❰35❱, 261,
1923.
[10] “Early” and “late,” in spite of their temporal connotations,
appear to be the most convenient adjectives available for describing
relative positions in the sequence. This sequence of structural forms
is an observed phenomenon. As will be shown later in the discussion,
it exhibits a smooth progression in nuclear luminosity, surface
brightness, degree of flattening, major diameters, resolution, and
complexity. An antithetical pair of adjectives denoting relative
positions in the sequence is desirable for many reasons, but none of
the progressive characteristics are well adapted for the purpose.
Terms which apply to series in general are available, however, and of
these “early” and “late” are the most suitable. They can be assumed to
express a progression from simple to complex forms.
An accepted precedent for this usage is found in the series of stellar
spectral types. There also the progression is assumed to be from the
simple to the complex, and in view of the great convenience of the
terms “early” and “late,” the temporal connotations, after a full
consideration of their possible consequences, have been deliberately
disregarded.
[11] _Publications of the Lick Observatory_, ❰13❱, 12, 1918.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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