When a root has been forced completely into the antrum, the latter should be enlarged and the antral cavity thoroughly syringed. For this purpose it is well to use an aural syringe of five or six ounce capacity. The rationale of this form of treatment is that the root may pass out with the return current from the antrum. If this treatment fails, an attempt may be made to remove the root with a little scoop of gutta-percha fixed on to a flexible wire. When it cannot be removed in this manner, the cavity should be thoroughly irrigated with an antiseptic solution and the root left alone, as it will in all probability become encysted and not give rise to any subsequent trouble. If, however, the patient has a history of epitheliomatous disease of the jaws further attempts should be made to remove it. A case where a tooth was forced into the antrum in a patient with a family history of epithelioma of the jaw is recorded in the Transactions of the Odontological Society, vol. ii., page 15, old series. (_e_) =Forcing a tooth into an abscess cavity.=--This accident may occur; if it does, it requires similar treatment to the accident just described in connection with the antrum. (_f_) =Trismus.=--Inability to open the mouth naturally renders extraction of the teeth more difficult than usual. When, however, the closure is the result of inflammatory trouble in connection with the lower molars, an anæsthetic should be given and the mouth opened forcibly with a Mason’s gag. If the trismus is the result of tonic contraction of the muscles closing the jaw, ether should be used in order to overcome the resistance of the muscles, as nitrous oxide would not have the desired effect. (3) DIFFICULTIES, COMPLICATIONS AND SEQUELÆ IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFT TISSUES. (_a_) =Extensive laceration of the gum.=--In cases where a tooth has given rise to much trouble in removal, the soft tissues naturally suffer, but apart from this they may be severely lacerated when the gum is more than usually adherent to a tooth. This is most frequently seen in the removal of the lower third molar, but it is also sometimes met with in the removal of loose teeth. When the gum is found more than usually adherent the tooth should be left in the socket until the gum attachment has been divided with a pair of scissors or a lancet. Continued attempts to remove the tooth with the forceps before the gum has been divided will only lead to undue laceration. In all cases where the gums have been badly lacerated, an anodyne mouth wash should be prescribed.