FABIAN ESSAYS IN SOCIALISM BY G. BERNARD SHAW SIDNEY WEBB WILLIAM CLARKE SYDNEY OLIVIER ANNIE BESANT GRAHAM WALLAS AND HUBERT BLAND EDITED BY G. BERNARD SHAW _With a new preface for this edition by Mr. Shaw_ BOSTON THE BALL PUBLISHING CO. 1911 _Copyright, 1908_ BY GEORGE BERNARD SHAW CONTENTS. THE FABIAN SOCIETY AND ITS WORK. BY WILLIAM CLARKE. Page xxiii. THE BASIS OF SOCIALISM. ECONOMIC BY G. BERNARD SHAW. RENT. The Cultivation and Population of the Earth.--Economic Origin of the County Family.--Economic Rent of Land and Ability.--Tenant Right.--The Advent of the Proletarian. Page 1. VALUE. Mechanism of Exchange.--Price and Utility.--Effects of Supply.--Law of Indifference.--Total and Final Utility.--Relation of Value to Cost of Production. Page 9. WAGES. The Proletariat.--Sale of Labor.--Subsistence Wage.--Capitalism.--Increase of Riches and Decrease of Wealth.--Divorce of Exchange Value from Social Utility. Page 15. CONCLUSION. Apparent Discrepancies between History and Theory.--Socialism.--Pessimism and Private Property.--Economic Soundness of Meliorism. Page 20. HISTORIC BY SIDNEY WEBB, LL.B., BARRISTER AT LAW, LECTURER ON POLITICAL ECONOMY AT THE CITY OF LONDON COLLEGE. THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE DEMOCRATIC IDEAL. Ancestry of English Socialism.--The Utopians.--Introduction of the Conception of Evolution.--The Lesson of Democracy. Page 26. THE DISINTEGRATION OF THE OLD SYNTHESIS. The Decay of Medievalism.--The Industrial Revolution.--The French Revolution.--The Progress of Democracy. Page 31. THE PERIOD OF ANARCHY. Individualism.--Philosophic Radicalism and _Laisser-faire_.--The Utilitarian Analysis. Page 35. THE INTELLECTUAL AND MORAL REVOLT; AND ITS POLITICAL OUTCOME. The Poets, Communists, Philosophers, Christian Socialists, and Evolutionists.--The Extension of State Activity.--Existing State Registration, Inspection, and Direct Organization of Labor.--The Radical Programme. Page 40. THE NEW SYNTHESIS. Evolution and the Social Organism.--Liberty and Equality.--Social Health. Page 50. INDUSTRIAL BY WILLIAM CLARKE, M.A., CAMBRIDGE. THE SUPERSESSION OF INDIVIDUALIST PRODUCTION. The Cottage Industry.--The Mechanical Inventions.--The Factory System. Page 56. THE GROWTH OF THE GREAT INDUSTRY. The Expansion of Lancashire.--The White Slavery.--State Interference. Page 65. THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE WORLD-COMMERCE. The Triumph of Free Trade.--The Fight for New Markets.--The Carriers of the World. Page 71.