The Spider, armed with poison-fangs, is a dangerous prey to tackle.
When of fair size, she could only be conquered by a greater amount of
daring and skill than the Wasp possesses. Moreover, the cells are too
small to hold a bulky object. The Wasp, therefore, hunts game of
moderate size. If she meets with a kind of Spider that is apt to become
plump, she always chooses a young one. But, though all are small, the
size of her victims varies enormously, and this variation in size leads
also to variation in number. One cell will contain a dozen Spiders,
while in another there are only five or six.
Another reason for her choice of small Spiders is that she kills them
before potting them in her cells. She falls suddenly upon her prey, and
carries it off almost without pausing in her flight. The skilful
paralysis practised by some insects is unknown to her. This means that
when the food is stored it soon decays. Fortunately the Spiders are
small enough to be finished at a single meal. If they were large and
could only be nibbled here and there, they would decay, and poison the
grubs in the nest.
I always find the egg, not on the surface of the heap, but on the first
Spider that was stored. There is no exception to this rule. The Wasp
places a Spider at the bottom of the cell, lays her egg upon it, and
then piles the other Spiders on the top. By this clever plan the grub
is obliged to begin on the oldest of the dead Spiders, and then go on
to the more recent. It always finds in front of it food that has not
had time to decompose.
The egg is always laid on the same part of the Spider, the end
containing the head being placed on the plumpest spot. This is very
pleasant for the grub, for the moment it is hatched it can begin eating
the tenderest and nicest food in the store. Not a mouthful is wasted,
however, by these economical creatures. When the meal is finished there
is practically nothing left of the whole heap of Spiders. This life of
gluttony lasts for eight or ten days.
The grub then sets to work to spin its cocoon, a sack of pure,
perfectly white silk, extremely delicate. Something more is required to
make this sack tough enough to be a protection, so the grub produces
from its body a sort of liquid varnish. As soon as it trickles into the
meshes of the silk this varnish hardens, and becomes a lacquer of
exquisite daintiness. The grub then fixes a hard plug at the base of
the cocoon to make all secure.
When finished, the work is amber-yellow, and rather reminds one of the
outer skin of an onion. It has the same fine texture, the same colour
and transparency; and like the onion skin it rustles when it is
fingered. From it, sooner or later according to temperature, the
perfect insect is hatched.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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