(6.) Hence, in strict consistency, the _sole_ change in the elements, produced by consecration, is said, by the same early writers, to be a MORAL and not a PHYSICAL change. For they pronounce it to be such a change, as is produced in the confirmatory chrism or in the stone of an altar-table or in the baptismal water; when, by consecration, they cease to be secular, and are devoted to sacred purposes: and, even yet more remarkably, they pronounce it to be such a change, as is produced in a man; when, by ordination, he ceases to be a laic, and becomes a clerk. 2. Nor do we thus find, in the old Doctors of the Church, a mere simple _anticipatory_ protest against the modern Romish dogma, of Transubstantiation: we may note also, in the case of Raban and Bertram, a formal direct _synchranical_ protest against the wild notion of _Christ’s_ CORPOREAL or LITERAL or SUBSTANTIAL _presence in the Eucharist_, when, in the ninth century, and under the fostering management of Paschase Radbert, it was attempting to creep into the hitherto untainted Western Churches. No sooner was the idle phantasy started; that _The identical body and blood of Christ_, _in which he was born from the Virgin Mary_, _is literally and substantially received from the altar_: than it was distinctly and openly opposed, on the specific ground, not only of _its abstract scriptural falsehood_, but likewise of _its palpable novelty_ and _its then scanty reception_. For all these three points are clearly set forth by Archbishop Raban in his three very remarkable expressions, LATELY, and SOME INDIVIDUALS, and NOT THINKING RIGHTLY. CHAPTER III. PURGATORY. FROM the Romish doctrine of Transubstantiation, I shall pass on to the Romish doctrine of Purgatory. I. Respecting a Purgatory, into which the souls of all, save those who are immediately conveyed to Hell, pass forthwith after death; in order that, by its fiery pains, they may be purified from the remainder of their corruption, and at the same time by personal suffering may make satisfaction to God for their hitherto unexpiated offences: the Church of Rome, speaking through her organ the Council of Trent, thus defines and pronounces. _There is a Purgatory_: _and the souls_, _there detained_, _are assisted by the suffrages of the faithful and most especially by the acceptable sacrifice of the altar_. {24} II. Such is the authorised doctrine of the Roman Church: let us now see, whether the existence of a Purgatory in the unseen world be revealed in Scripture. 1. On this point, we may begin with very safely remarking: that, from the first verse of Genesis to the last verse of the Revelation, God’s written word, whether jewish or christian, SAYS NOT A SINGLE SYLLABLE concerning the existence of any such place as a romish Purgatory.