2. Yet the great schoolmen, Johannes Scotus, Biel, Occam, Peter ab Alliaco Cardinal-Archbishop of Cambray, Cardinal Cajetan, and Cardinal Fisher of Rochester, have all declared: that _The doctrine of Transubstantiation is_ INCAPABLE OF PROOF _from Scripture_; that _The doctrine of the bread and wine remaining substantially unchanged is_ LESS REPUGNANT _to Scripture_, _than the doctrine of their transubstantiation into the body and blood of Christ_; and, consequently, that _The doctrine of Transubstantiation_ CANNOT BE DEMONSTRATED _from the institutive words of Christ_, _unless to such words the authoritative decision of the Roman Church be superadded_. {60a} II. Let us next pass to the dogma of Purgatory. 1. The divines of Trent profess to have received the doctrine of Purgatory, both from _the declaration of_ SCRIPTURE, and from _the ancient tradition of_ THE FATHERS. {60b} 2. Yet Bishop Trevern confesses; that JESUS CHRIST _has not revealed to us the knowledge of Purgatory_: {60c} Cardinal Fisher admits; that, _Among_ THE ANCIENTS, _there was either no mention or very rare mention of Purgatory_, that _Purgatory was but lately known and received by the Catholic Church_, and that _To this day the Greeks believe not in its existence_. {60d} Father Barns tells us; that _Punishment in Purgatory is a doctrine seated in human opinion_, that _Neither from_ SCRIPTURE _nor from_ THE FATHERS _nor from_ THE EARLIER COUNCILS _can it be firmly deduced_, and that _The contrary opinion seems more conformable to them_: {60e} and Petrus Picherellus drily enough remarks; that _In_ SCRIPTURE _there is no fuel to be found_, _either to kindle or to maintain the fire of Purgatory_. {60f} III. We may next turn our attention to Image-worship and Saint-worship. 1. The doctors of the Council of Trent declare: that _According to the use of the Catholic and Apostolic Church_ RECEIVED IN THE PRIMEVAL TIMES OF THE CHRISTIAN RELIGION, _the invocation of dead __Saints_, _the veneration of Relics_, _and the kissing and falling down before graven or molten Images_, _ought_, _by the Clergy_, _to be diligently inculcated upon the Laity_. {61a} 2. Yet the learned Jesuit Petavius roundly pronounces it to be a matter of absolute certainty; that, IN THE FIRST AGES OF THE CHURCH, _Images of Christ were not substituted in the place of pagan Idols nor proposed to the veneration of the faithful_: {61b} while Cardinal Perron tells us; that _No traces of the practice of invocating the Saints can be found_ IN THE AUTHORS, WHO LIVED NEAREST TO THE TIMES OF THE APOSTLES. {61c} IV. Let us next advert to the high authority ascribed by the Romish Clergy to those Councils which are styled _Ecumenical_ or _General_. 1. These Ecumenical Councils with the Pope at their head are believed by the Romanists to be, like the Divinity himself _infallible_ and _incapable of error_.