FACTS AND FANCIES IN MODERN SCIENCE: STUDIES OF THE RELATIONS OF SCIENCE TO PREVALENT SPECULATIONS AND RELIGIOUS BELIEF. _BEING THE LECTURES ON THE SAMUEL A. CROZER FOUNDATION IN CONNECTION WITH THE CROZER THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY, FOR 1881._ BY J. W. DAWSON, LL.D., F.R.S. ETC. PHILADELPHIA: AMERICAN BAPTIST PUBLICATION SOCIETY, 1420 CHESTNUT STREET. Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1882, by the AMERICAN BAPTIST PUBLICATION SOCIETY, In the Office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington. WESTCOTT & THOMSON, _Stereotypers and Electrotypers, Philada_. PREFACE. The object before the mind of the author in preparing these Lectures was to present a distinct and rational view of the present relation of scientific thought to the religious beliefs of men, and especially to the Christian revelation. The attempt to make science, or speculations based on science, supersede religion is one of the prevalent fancies of our time, and pervades much of the popular literature of the day. That such attempts can succeed the author does not believe. They have hitherto given birth only to such abortions as Positivism, Nihilism, and Pessimism. There is, however, a necessary relation and parallelism of all truths, physical and spiritual; and it is useful to clear away the apparent antagonisms which proceed from partial and imperfect views, and to point out the harmony which exists between the natural and the spiritual--between what man can learn from the physical creation, and what has been revealed to him by the Spirit of God. To do this with as much fairness as possible, and with due regard to the present state of knowledge and to the most important difficulties that are likely to be met with by honest inquirers, is the purpose of the following pages. It is proper to add that, in order to give completeness to the discussion, it has been necessary to introduce, in some of the lectures, topics previously treated of by the author, in a similar manner, in publications bearing his name. J. W. D. APRIL, 1882. CONTENTS. PAGE LECTURE I. GENERAL RELATIONS OF SCIENCE AND AGNOSTIC SPECULATION 9 LECTURE II. THE SCIENCE OF LIFE AND MONISTIC EVOLUTION 47 LECTURE III. EVOLUTION AS TESTED BY THE RECORDS OF THE ROCKS 103 LECTURE IV. THE ORIGIN AND ANTIQUITY OF MAN 137 LECTURE V. NATURE AS A MANIFESTATION OF MIND 175 LECTURE VI. SCIENCE AND REVELATION 219 LECTURE I.