be observed that colour is not essential to a pack of playing cards; and that several packs of cards of four suits, evidently intended for play, without being coloured, were delicately engraved on copper, before the end of the fifteenth century. Even Mons. Duchesne, while contending that those fifty old engravings were really Tarocchi cards, admits that they bear no relation to any games played with numeral cards, which, according to the number of players, and the regulations of each game, always consist of a number which is divisible by four; for instance, 20 for Bouillotte; 28 for Brelan; 32 for Piquet, and several other games; 36 for Trappola; 40 for Ombre; 48 for Reversis; 52 for Lansquenet, and several other games; 96 for Comet; 104 for Lottery; 312 for Trente-et-un; and 78 for Tarots. "The ancient Tarocchi cards," he says, "have not then been intended for games of calculation [jeux mathématiques], but solely for an instructive game. In this game, consisting of five classes, we find the seven planets, representing the celestial system; the seven virtues which constitute the basis of all morality; the sciences, which man alone is capable of acquiring, and the knowledge of which raises him above all other animals; the Muses, whose cultivation yields so many charms to life; finally, several of the conditions of life in which man may be placed, from misery, the most painful of all, to that of the most elevated, the Sovereign Pontificate."[234] A complete series of those old engravings consists of fifty pieces, as has been previously observed, named and numbered as follows: [CLASS E.--_The Conditions of Life._] E MISERO I 1 E FAMEIO II 2 E ARTIXAN III 3 E MERCHADANTE IIII 4 E ZINTILOMO V 5 E CHAVALIER VI 6 E DOXE VII 7 E RE VIII 8 E IMPERATOR VIIII 9 E PAPA X 10 [CLASS D.--_The Muses._] D CALIOPE XI 11 D URANIA XII 12 D TERPSICORE XIII 13 D ERATO XIIII 14 D POLIMNIA XV 15 D TALIA XVI 16 D MELPOMENE XVII 17 D EUTERPE XVIII 18 D CLIO XVIIII 19 D APOLLO XX 20 [CLASS C.--_The Sciences._] C GRAMMATICA XXI 21 C LOICA XXII 22 C RHETORICA XXIII 23 C GEOMETRIA XXIIII 24 C ARITHMETICHA XXV 25 C MUSICHA XXVI 26 C POESIA XXVII 27 C PHILOSOFIA XXVIII 28 C ASTROLOGIA XXXVIIII[235]39 C THEOLOGIA XXX 30 [Class B.--_The Virtues._]