Facts and Speculations on the Origin and History of Playing CardsChatto, William Andrew
History
Facts and Speculations on the Origin and History of Playing Cards
Chatto, William Andrew
Playing cards -- History
The type of the Carreau, or Diamond, is not to be found in any of the
marks of the other two packs above noticed. In the time of Pietro
Aretine, the suits of French cards appear to have been known in Italy
by the names of Cori, Quadri, Fiori, and Cappari,[238] as we learn
from his 'Carte Parlanti,' first printed in 1545, in which a Paduan
card-maker holds a long dialogue, moral and entertaining, with his
cards:
"_Paduan._ As French cards are used in Italy, tell me, I pray, what,
amongst that people, may be the signification of Capers? [Cappari.]
_Cards._ Their piquancy whets the appetite of tavern-haunters.
_Paduan._ And the Diamonds? [Quadri.]
_Cards._ The firmness of the player.
_Paduan._ And the Hearts? [Cori.]
_Cards._ Inclination to cheat in play.
_Paduan._ And the Flowers? [Fiori.]
_Cards._ The pleasure of saying a good thing."[239]
The invention of cards with these marks, and having a Queen for the
second coat card, instead of a male figure, as in the Spanish and
German cards, has been claimed by the French; and this substitution
has been considered by some French writers as peculiarly characteristic
of the gallantry of their nation. The French also appear to have
been the first who gave to their coat cards the names of historical
personages. From those names, and the marks of the suits, Père Daniel
has been enabled to discover the origin and meaning of the game of
Piquet, which he supposes to have been devised about 1430, in the reign
of Charles VII; admitting, however, that Playing Cards of another kind
were of a much earlier date, but yet considering even these to have
been of French invention.
In the time of Père Daniel, the coat cards were named as follows:
SUIT. KINGS. QUEENS. VALETS.
CŒUR. _CHARLEMAGNE._ _JUDITH._ _LA HIRE._
CARREAU. _CÆSAR._ _RACHEL._ _HECTOR._
TREFLE. _ALEXANDER._ _ARGINE._ _LANCELOT._[240]
PIQUE. _DAVID._ _PALLAS._ _HOGIER._
These names, which appear to have been given to the French coat cards,
at an early period, were not uniformly retained; in the time of Henry
IV, the Kings were Solomon, Augustus, Clovis, and Constantine; and the
Queens, Elizabeth, Dido, Clotilde, and "Pantalisea;" while the Valets
had no proper names, but were merely designated from their office, and
all the characters appeared in the costume of the period. In the reign
of Louis XIV, however, the former names and an antique costume were
restored.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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