The position in the musical world secured by Gluck through his first
opera, is shown by the fact that he received an order from London for
an opera for the Haymarket Theatre. In Paris, where he stopped on the
way to England, he may have had a presentiment that here was to be the
field of his future activity; in the absence of any detailed account of
his stay in the city, we may assume that here he became familiar with
the grand opera as created by Lully and perfected by Rameau, which in
its nature was infinitely nearer his ideal--distinctly seen later--than
the Italian opera. It cannot be said, however, that these first Parisian
impressions had an immediate effect on Gluck's artistic methods and mode
of expression, inasmuch as his opera "La Caduta dei Giganti," written for
London and brought out in the year 1746, was in the prescribed Italian
vein. But from the initiated, the "lion's claws" were not hidden. In
his "History of Arts," Burney says of an aria: "It is of very peculiar
creation but much too monotonous," and of the instrumentation "It is
original but drowns the melody;" finally "One wishes the melodies were
somewhat more graceful and had more artistic repose." In these criticisms
we read between the lines that the composer of "The Overthrow of the
Titans" already betrayed his individuality.
Gluck had little reason to be satisfied with his success in London;
his opera was given but five times, and though his "Artamene," written
for Cremona three years before, was somewhat more popular, this could
hardly compensate for the failure of his more recent work. He had no
cause to regret his journey to London, however, for here, as in Paris,
he gained impressions which materially extended his artistic horizon and
were of utmost importance to his development; here, also, he made the
acquaintance of Handel and his works. We know that the personal relations
of the two masters were friendly, but Handel does not appear to have
felt deep sympathy for his younger brother in the art. How could he, who
a few years before had broken forever with the opera in order to turn
to oratorio, which was better suited to his artistic nature, be other
than indifferent to the attempt of this youth to establish the success
of the opera? And how could it escape the great master of polyphony that
Gluck stood in this art far below him? Handel's terse word that "Gluck
understood about as much of counterpoint as his (Handel's) cook," was
certainly not intended for publicity, yet it shows so definitely the
relations of the masters at this time that it should not be omitted
from Gluck's biography. Further than this, we should not consider them
opponents in any way. Gluck treated the associate thirty years his senior
with utmost deference, and the latter from his experience advised him,
in a kindly manner, how to work as opera-composer in order to win the
approval of Englishmen.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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