[Illustration: FAMOVS COMPOSERS AND THEIR WORKS VOL. 3] Famous Composers and their Works Edited by John Knowles Paine Theodore Thomas and Karl Klauser Illustrated [Illustration: [Logo]] Boston J. B. Millet Company Copyright, 1891, by J. B. MILLET COMPANY. [Illustration: JOSEPH JOACHIM RAFF _Reproduction of a photograph from life, made in 1878 by Mondel & Jacob, in Wiesbaden._ ] [Illustration: [Fleuron]] JOSEPH JOACHIM RAFF Joseph Joachim Raff, was the son of an organist and teacher, Franz Joseph Raff, who early in 1822 left the little Würtemberg city of Weisenstetter in the Horb district of the Black Forest to settle in Lachen on the lake of Zurich in the canton Schwyz. Here on May 27 of the same year the boy was born. In his early childhood he displayed that mental ability which does not always fulfill its promise in years of maturity. He was able to translate Homer at the age of seven and generally preferred books to rude outdoor sports. He displayed musical tendencies, too, learning to play the organ and to sing in the choir; but no special attention was given to his musical training, probably because his facility in this art was regarded as only an evidence of his general activity of mind. He was first put to school at the Würtemberg Institute, and after a thorough preparation there, was sent to the Schwyz Jesuit Lyceum. He was graduated with distinction, carrying off prizes in Latin and mathematics, but his means were not sufficient to enable him to take a university course. He obtained the post of tutor of Latin at St. Gallen, where he remained a short time, afterward going as a teacher to Rapperswyl. He was at this time hardly twenty years of age. He now began his study of music, for which his fondness had been growing. He was unable to afford a teacher, but he diligently practised at the piano and made many earnest attempts at composition.