Faraday, Michael, 1791-1867; Physicists -- Great Britain -- Biography
Faraday does not see the same difficulty in his contiguous particles.
And yet, by transferring the conception from masses to particles, we
simply lessen size and distance, but we do not alter the quality of the
conception. Whatever difficulty the mind experiences in conceiving
of action at sensible distances, besets it also when it attempts to
conceive of action at insensible distances. Still the investigation of
the point whether electric and magnetic effects were wrought out through
the intervention of contiguous particles or not, had a physical interest
altogether apart from the metaphysical difficulty. Faraday grapples with
the subject experimentally. By simple intuition he sees that action at a
distance must be exerted in straight lines. Gravity, he knows, will not
turn a corner, but exerts its pull along a right line; hence his aim and
effort to ascertain whether electric action ever takes place in curved
lines. This once proved, it would follow that the action is carried on
by means of a medium surrounding the electrified bodies. His experiments
in 1837 reduced, in his opinion, this point of demonstration. He then
found that he could electrify, by induction, an insulated sphere placed
completely in the shadow of a body which screened it from direct action.
He pictured the lines of electric force bending round the edges of the
screen, and reuniting on the other side of it; and he proved that in
many cases the augmentation of the distance between his insulated sphere
and the inducing body, instead of lessening, increased the charge of
the sphere. This he ascribed to the coalescence of the lines of electric
force at some distance behind the screen.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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