Clay not impervious, or it could not be wet and dried.--Puddling, what is.--Water will stand over Drains on Puddled Soil.--Cracking of Clays by Drying.--Drained Clays improve by time.--Passage of Water through Clay makes it permeable.--Experiment by Mr. Pettibone, of Vermont.--Pressure of Water in Saturated Soil. CHAPTER XX. EFFECTS OF DRAINAGE ON STREAMS AND RIVERS. Drainage Hastens the Supply to the Streams, and thus creates Freshets.--Effect of Drainage on Meadows below; on Water Privileges.--Conflict of Manufacturing and Agricultural Interests.--English Opinions and Facts.--Uses of Drainage Water.--Irrigation.--Drainage Water for Stock.--How used by Mr. Mechi. CHAPTER XXI. LEGISLATION--DRAINAGE COMPANIES. England protects her Farmers.--Meadows ruined by Corporation dams.--Old Mills often Nuisances.--Factory Reservoirs.--Flowage extends above level of Dam.--Rye and Derwent Drainage.--Give Steam for Water-Power.--Right to Drain through land of others.--Right to natural flow of Water.--Laws of Mass.--Right to Flow; why not to Drain?--Land-drainage Companies in England.--Lincolnshire Fens.--Government Loans for Drainage. CHAPTER XXII. DRAINAGE OF CELLARS. Wet Cellars Unhealthful.--Importance of Cellars in New England.--A Glance at the Garret, by way of Contrast.--Necessity of Drains.--Sketch of an Inundated Cellar.--Tiles best for Drains.--Best Plan of Cellar Drain; Illustration.--Cementing will not do.--Drainage of Barn Cellars.--Uses of them.--Actual Drainage of a very Bad Cellar described.--Drains Outside and Inside; Illustration. CHAPTER XXIII. DRAINAGE OF SWAMPS. Vast Extent of Swamp Lands in the United States.--Their Soil.--Sources of their Moisture.--How to Drain them.--The Soil Subsides by Draining.--Catch-water Drains.--Springs.--Mr. Ruffin's Drainage in Virginia.--Is there Danger of Over-draining? CHAPTER XXIV. AMERICAN EXPERIMENTS IN DRAINAGE--DRAINAGE IN IRELAND. Statement of B. F. Nourse, of Maine.--Statement of Shedd and Edson, of Mass.--Statement of H. F. French, of New Hampshire.--Letter of Wm. Boyle, Albert Model Farm, Glasnevin, Ireland. INDEX. FARM DRAINAGE. CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTORY. Why this Treatise does not contain all Knowledge.--Attention of Scientific Men attracted to Drainage.--Lieutenant Maury's Suggestions.--Ralph Waldo Emerson's Views.--Opinions of J. H. Klippart, Esq.; of Professor Mapes; B. P. Johnston, Esq.; Governor Wright, Mr. Custis, &c.--Prejudice against what is English.--Acknowledgements to our Friends at Home and Abroad.--The Wants of our Farmers.