Religion and Civilization.--Worship of Natural Objects.-- Polytheism.--Idolatry.--Worship of Ancestors.--Fetichism. CHAPTER IV SPIRITUAL BEINGS IN AFRICAN RELIGION 50 I. Origin 50 Coterminous with the Creator.--Created.--Spirits of Deceased Human Beings; in Unity, Duality, Trinity, or Quadruplicity. II. Number 55 III. Locality 58 IV. Characteristics 62 CHAPTER V SPIRITUAL BEINGS IN AFRICA--THEIR CLASSES AND FUNCTIONS 64 I. Classes and Functions 64 Inina.--Ibambo.--Ombwiri.--Nkinda.--Mondi. II. Special Manifestations 70 Human Soul in a Lower Animal; the Leopard Fiend.--Uvengwa, Ghost.--Family Guardian-Spirit. CHAPTER VI FETICHISM--ITS PHILOSOPHY--A PHYSICAL SALVATION--CHARMS AND AMULETS 75 Monotheism.--Polytheism.--Animism.--Fetichism. The Salvation Sought: its Kind, Physical; its Source, Spirits; its Reason, Fear. The Means used: Prayer, Sacrifices, Charms; Vocal, Ritual, Material, Fetiches. Articles used in the Fetich.--Mode of Preparation: A Fitness in the Quality of the Object for the End desired; Efficiency depends on the Localized Spirit; Misuse of the Word "Medicine"; Native "Doctors"; Connection of Fetich with Witchcraft. CHAPTER VII THE FETICH--A WORSHIP 90 I. Sacrifice and Offerings 91 Small Votive Gifts.--Consecrated Plants; Idols and Gifts of Food.--Blood Sacrifices.--Human Sacrifices. II. Prayer 97 III. The Use of Charms or "Fetiches" 99 CHAPTER VIII THE FETICH--WITCHCRAFT--A WHITE ART--SORCERY 100 A passively Defensive Art.--Professedly of the Nature of a Medicine.--Distinction between a Fetich Doctor and a Christian Physician.--Manner of Performance of the White Art.--The Medicinal Herbs used sometimes Valuable.--Strength of Native Faith in the System. CHAPTER IX THE FETICH--WITCHCRAFT--A BLACK ART--DEMONOLOGY 116 Distinction as to the Object aimed at in the White Art and in the Black Art.--Black Art actively Offensive.--The Black Art distinctively "Witchcraft."--Witchcraft Executions; claimed to be Judicial Acts.--Hoodoo Worship.--Christian Faith and Fetich Faith Compared.--Deception by Fetich Magicians.-- Clairvoyance.--Demoniacal Possession.