Fetichism in West Africa : $b forty years' observation of native customs and superstitionsNassau, Robert Hamill
Philosophy
Fetichism in West Africa : $b forty years' observation of native customs and superstitions
Nassau, Robert Hamill
Ethnology -- Africa, West; Fetishism -- Africa, West
Even by me my native friends--though with their personal respect or
affection for me they would be willing to do much--do not like to be
asked. They know that I, in asking for information, expect to utilize it
in letters or lectures or books. Their secret would not be safe even with
me, and it may die with them. One of the noblest of my native female
friends at Gabun, a Christian, well educated, with only a minimum of
superstition remaining, and no belief at all in fetich, inherited from her
mother much botanical and medicinal knowledge. I observe her decocting a
medicine for a sick friend, and I ask her, "What medicine is that?" She
turns away her usually frank eyes and simply says, "Sijavi" (leaves).
"Yes, I see they are leaves. But I asked you what they are. Where do you
get them?" With eyes still turned away, she only says, "Go-iga" (in the
forest). "Exactly; of course it's a plant. But is it a tree or a vine or a
shrub, or what?" And she looks at me steadily, and quietly says, "Mi amie"
(I don't know). I have long ago learned that "mi amie," though only
sometimes true, is not always a lie. It is equivalent to our conventional
"Not at home," or a polite version of, "Ask me no questions and I'll tell
you no lies." From my friend it is a kind notification that the
conversation had better be changed. It having reached this acute stage,
the pursuance of it would be worse than useless. I talk about something
else, and immediately she resumes her wonted cordiality.
Probably the particular herb selected by the fetich-man does possess some
therapeutic value (for cures are effected) of which he does not himself
know. He knows that that plant was said by his ancestors to be the proper
one to use in case of a certain sickness, but knowledge of the _raison
d'user_ has been lost.
The use of drugs in decoctions is less likely to be merely superstitious.
The fresh leaves and barks are recognized. There is not likely to be a
secret about them. Whatever of fetich is introduced in the case will be in
the mode of administration.
The next step, the admixture of the ingredients, is secret. They are
ground or triturated, or reduced to ashes, and only the ash or charcoal of
their wood is used. Among the common ingredients are colored earths,
chalk, or potter's blue clays. Beyond the usual constituents constantly
employed, there are other single ones, which vary according to the end to
be obtained by the user of the fetich,--for one end, as elsewhere already
mentioned, some small portion of an enemy's body; for another, an
ancestor's powdered brain; for another, the liver or gall-bladder of an
animal; for another, a finger of a dead first-born child; for another, a
certain fish; and so on for a thousand possibilities. These ingredients
are compounded in secret, and with public drumming, dancing, songs to the
spirit, looking into limpid water or a mirror, and sometimes with the
addition of jugglers' tricks, _e. g._, the eating of fire.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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