[Footnote 133: Preface to _Gesta Henrici Regis_, II. xciv. So too _Const. Hist._, i. 454: 'The practice was, as we learn from John of Salisbury, opposed by Archbishop Theobald'; and (i. 577) 'Archbishop Theobald had denounced the scutage of 1156'; and (_Early Plant._, p. 54) 'he made the bishops, notwithstanding strong objections from Archbishop Theobald, pay scutage'.] [Footnote 134: Preface to _Gesta Henrici Regis_, II. xcviii.] [Footnote 135: 'Honori et utilitati ecclesiae tota mentis intentione studiosius invigilabit. Verum interim', etc. John of Salisbury (Ep. cxxviii). Note that 'ecclesiae' is the church at large, not the See of Canterbury.] [Footnote 136: _Angevin Kings_, i. 443.] [Footnote 137: _Red Book_, p. 6.] [Footnote 138: Preface to _Gesta Henrici Regis_, II. xcv.] [Footnote 139: _Const. Hist._, i. 454.] [Footnote 140: _Ibid._, i. 164.] [Footnote 141: _Angevin Kings_, i. 458. Both writers quote the passage from John of Salisbury (Ep. xcxviii), on which this explanation is based.] [Footnote 142: His _servitium debitum_ was one knight.] [Footnote 143: The force for the Welsh campaign was raised, as we learn from Robert de Monte (_alias_ de Torigni), 'by demanding that every three knights should, instead of serving in person, equip one of their number', as Dr Stubbs rightly puts it (_Const. Hist._, i. 589), and not, as he elsewhere writes (preface to _Gesta Henrici Regis_, II. xciv.), by requiring every two to add to themselves a third, 'by which means, if we are to understand it literally, 90,000 knights would appear from 60,000 knights' fees'. The real number would probably be under 2,000.] [Footnote 144: 'This impost, which afterwards came to be known in English history as the "Great Scutage"' (_Angevin Kings_, i. 459).] [Footnote 145: _Liber Rubeus_, p. 6.] [Footnote 146: _Angevin Kings_, i. 461.] [Footnote 147: The abbots of Shrewsbury, Thorney, and Croyland; the abbesses of Barking, Winchester, and Romsey. The total of their _dona_ amounted to £51 13s 4d.] [Footnote 148: Not, however, by Dr Stubbs (Preface to _Gesta Henrici Regis_, II. xciv-xcvi).] [Footnote 149: Dr Stubbs, independently, reckons the total payments of the church at £3,700 (_Gesta Henrici Regis_), which does not differ greatly from the above calculation (£3,167 6s 8d). ] [Footnote 150: 'Ille quidem gladius quem in sancte matris ecclesiae viscera vestra paulo ante manus immerserat cum ad trajiciendum in Tolosam exercitum tot ipsam marcarum millibus aporiastis.' Gilbert Foliot (Ep. cxciv).]