Carrying strap, button strap and rain shield should always be part of the equipment. Amber shades and camels hair brush should be carried in the case for use. The vertical scale in the Type EE Field Glass represents the Infantry range scale and does not apply to Field Artillery. Compass should always be securely clamped except when in use. THE BRACKET FUZE SETTER, MODEL 1905 M. The bracket fuze setter is attached to the rear end of the fuze setter bracket on the caisson. It consists of the following principal parts: Base, housing, corrector-worm case, guide, range and corrector worms, rings, and scales. The corrector scale reads from 0 to 60, numbered every 10 points, 30 being the normal or mean arbitrary point. The range ring is graduated to 6400 yards, numbered every 500 yards, least reading 50 yards. These rings are graduated for the F. A. fuze on one side and for the Ehrhardt fuze on the other. Care should be taken that the proper side is up when firing the two different kinds of shrapnel. THE HAND FUZE SETTER, MODEL 1912. The hand fuze setter is provided for the same purpose as the bracket fuze setter, and is intended to supplement the latter. One hand fuze setter is issued in a leather case and is carried in the trail box of each gun. It is intended for the use in case the bracket fuze setter should become disabled, or in case the gun should for any reason be separated from its caissons. The principal parts are the case, the range index mechanism, range mechanism, corrector mechanism, and guide plate. [Illustration: _HAND FUZE SETTER, MOD. OF 1912_] CHAPTER XV SIGNAL EQUIPMENT. CLASSIFICATION. The most important and widely used means of communication used by artillery with their advantages and disadvantages follow: =(a) Telephone.= The telephone is the quickest and most satisfactory means of communication, and is the most generally used of all means. Near the front, in areas subjected to fire it is often difficult to maintain lines and unless a line be a very carefully insulated and transposed metallic circuit, conversations held over it are picked up by the enemy listening service. To guard against such information being of value to him, telephone codes have been devised, for use in important messages. =(b) Radio.= Radio provides a reasonably certain means of communication, but such messages are always intercepted by the enemy. Its use requires enciphered messages. =(c) Projectors.= Projectors afford a very reliable means of communication, but their use depends, to a great extent, on atmospheric conditions, and frequently they may not be used from rear to front and are slow in operation. =(d) Flags.= Semaphore and wig-wag prove fairly satisfactory only on exceptionally favorable conditions and in open warfare. =(e) Runners.= Used as a last resort. Slow and wasteful but usually reliable.