Cast iron 8,810,000 25,450,000 61,867,000 Iron 5,770,000 9,700,000 } 61,540,700 Steel 6,030,000 9,610,000 } Railway rails 3,960,000 4,400,000 10,408,300 Coal 64,770,000 160,000,000 530,570,000 (Imports of Coal) from 80,000,000 to 100,000,000 Naphtha 6,900,000 108,700,000 189,267,000 Sugar 5,030,000 11,470,000 28,732,000 Raw cotton, home grown 293,000 1,225,000 3,736,000 Cottons, grey, and yarn 23,640,000 42,045,000 86,950,000 Cottons, printed 6,160,000 7,720,000 37,680,000 1900. 1908. All cottons £56,156,000 £94,233,000 All woollens 19,064,000 25,388,000 Linen 7,076,600 9,969,000 Silk 3,335,000 3,969,000 The recent growth of the coal and iron industries in South Russia (with the aid of Belgian capital) was very well illustrated at the Turin Exhibition of 1911. From less than 100,000 tons in 1860, the extraction of coal and anthracite rose to 16,840,460 metric tons in 1910. The extraction of iron ore rose from 377,000 tons in 1890 to 3,760,000 tons in 1909. The production of cast iron, which was only 29,270 tons in 1882, reached 2,067,000 tons in 1910, and the amount of refined iron and steel and their produce rose from 27,830 tons in 1882 to 1,641,960 tons in 1910. In short, South Russia is becoming an exporting centre for the iron industry. (P. Palcinsky, in Russian _Mining Journal_, 1911, Nos. 8 and 12.) D.--IRON INDUSTRY IN GERMANY. The following tables will give some idea of the growth of mining and metallurgy in Germany. The extraction of minerals in the German Empire, in metric tons, which are very little smaller than the English ton (0·984), was:-- 1883. 1893. 1910. Tons. Tons. Tons. Coal 55,943,000 76,773,000 152,881,500 Lignite 14,481,000 22,103,000 69,104,900 Iron ore 8,616,000 12,404,000 28,709,700 Zinc ore 678,000 729,000 718,300 Mineral salts (chiefly potash) 1,526,000 2,379,000 9,735,700 Since 1894 the iron industry has taken a formidable development, the production of pig-iron reaching 12,644,900 metric tons in 1909 (14,793,600 in 1910), and that of half-finished and finished iron and steel, 14,186,900 tons; while the exports of raw iron, which were valued at £1,195,000 in 1903, doubled in seven years, reaching £2,250,000 in 1910. E.--MACHINERY IN GERMANY. The rapid progress in the fabrication of machinery in Germany is best seen from the growth of the German exports as shown by the following table:--