1890. 1895. 1907. Machines and parts thereof £2,450,000 £3,215,000 £17,482,500 Sewing-machines and parts thereof 315,000 430,000 1,202,500 Locomotives and locomobiles 280,000 420,000 1,820,000 Three years later the first of these items had already reached £25,000,000, and the export of bicycles, motor-cars, and motor-buses, and parts thereof, was valued at £2,904,000. Everyone knows that German sewing-machines, motor-bus frames, and a considerable amount of tools find their way even into this country, and that German tools are plainly recommended in English books. F.--COTTON INDUSTRY IN GERMANY. Dr. G. Schulze-Gaewernitz, in his excellent work, _The Cotton Trade in England and on the Continent_ (English translation by Oscar S. Hall, London, 1895), called attention to the fact that Germany had certainly not yet attained, in her cotton industry, the high technical level of development attained by England; but he showed also the progress realised. The cost of each yard of plain cotton, notwithstanding low wages and long hours, was still greater in Germany than in England, as seen from the following tables. Taking a certain quality of plain cotton in both countries, he gave (p. 151, German edition) the following comparative figures:-- England. Germany. Hours of labour 9 hours 12 hours Average weekly earnings of the operatives 16s. 3d. 11s. 8d. Yards woven per week per operative 706 yards 466 yards Cost per yard of cotton 0·275d. 0·303d. But he remarked also that in all sorts of printed cottons, in which fancy, colours and invention play a predominant part, _the advantages were entirely on the side of the smaller German factories_. In the spinning mills the advantages, on the contrary, continued to remain entirely on the side of England, the number of operatives per 1,000 spindles being in various countries as follows (p. 91, English edition):-- Per 1000 spindles. Bombay 25 operatives. Italy 13 ” Alsace 9½ ” Mulhouse 7½ ” Germany, 1861 20 operatives. ” 1882 8 to 9 ” England, 1837 7 ” ” 1887 3 ” Considerable improvements had taken place already in the ten years 1884-1894. “India shows us, since 1884, extraordinary developments,” Schulze-Gaewernitz remarked, and “there is no doubt that Germany also has reduced the number of operatives per 1,000 spindles since the last Inquest.” “From a great quantity of materials lying before me, I cull,” he wrote, “the following, which, however, refers solely to leading and technically distinguished spinning mills:-- Per 1000 spindles.