The average life of man (largely, let it be said, due to the efforts of the life insurance companies in enforcing sanitary improvements and in fostering medical and surgical research), has been about doubled. Surgical operations which fifty years before were deemed chimerical or impossible are now, thanks to the improved anaesthetics and antiseptics at command, performed most frequently; so that laparotomy, the Caesarian operation, bone-grafting, removal of diseased portions of the brain and extirpation of the kidneys, and their replacement by those of the sheep or calf, are common and successful. Acute disease is treated almost exclusively by heat, cold and electricity. The subcutaneous injections discovered, or rather foreshadowed, by Brown-Sequard, have been brought to such pitch of perfection that by their use the vigor of forty is maintained until eighty or even ninety years. The noble work of Koch in subjugating pulmonary consumption has rendered that dread disease no longer contagious, while brighter light upon the mode of living, and improvements in comfort at home and when travelling, have made safe for consumptives many climates in which formerly no one with predisposition to lung trouble could live. The sanitary precautions enforced by local and National bodies have completely stopped and prevented the ravages of typhoid and other filth diseases; while the terrible effects of such epidemics as the grippe are made impossible in the face of the medical knowledge of the twentieth century. Transfusion of blood is accomplished, in case of wounds by accident, without inconvenience to the one supplying the life-fluid, or danger to the recipient, while effective tonics bring about the rapid replacement of the amount of blood abstracted in the emergency. The triumphs of electricians in their wonderful science have caused the twentieth century to be named the Age of Electricity. The power of great rivers, such as Niagara, is utilized by being converted into electricity and transmitted where desired; also stored up at convenient distributing places, to be used when wanted. Wave force has been taken hold of and similarly carried to great distances and used in quantities, or at times, to suit. The wind and the lightning are in the same way harnessed to do man’s bidding; so that each storm contributes to public wealth to an extent greater than the damage it works. Lightning is no longer a source of danger. The electric and other connections of the building render an injurious shock impossible; and where it does strike any building in the protected circuit, the charge is stored to be used for domestic purposes, such as driving the passenger and goods elevators in the house, or furnishing light and heat.