Moreover, The moral authority of those who preach
against corruption in poor countries - the officials of the
IMF, the World Bank, the EU, the OECD - is strained by
their ostentatious lifestyle, conspicuous consumption, and
"pragmatic" morality.
II. What to Do? What is Being Done?
Two years ago, I proposed a taxonomy of corruption,
venality, and graft. I suggested this cumulative definition:
a. The withholding of a service, information, or
goods that, by law, and by right, should have been
provided or divulged.
b. The provision of a service, information, or goods
that, by law, and by right, should not have been
provided or divulged.
c. That the withholding or the provision of said
service, information, or goods are in the power of
the withholder or the provider to withhold or to
provide AND That the withholding or the
provision of said service, information, or goods
constitute an integral and substantial part of the
authority or the function of the withholder or the
provider.
d. That the service, information, or goods that are
provided or divulged are provided or divulged
against a benefit or the promise of a benefit from
the recipient and as a result of the receipt of this
specific benefit or the promise to receive such
benefit.
e. That the service, information, or goods that are
withheld are withheld because no benefit was
provided or promised by the recipient.
There is also what the World Bank calls "State Capture"
defined thus:
"The actions of individuals, groups, or firms, both in the
public and private sectors, to influence the formation of
laws, regulations, decrees, and other government policies
to their own advantage as a result of the illicit and non-
transparent provision of private benefits to public
officials".
We can classify corrupt and venal behaviors according to
their outcomes:
a. Income Supplement - Corrupt actions whose sole
outcome is the supplementing of the income of the
provider without affecting the "real world" in any
manner.
b. Acceleration or Facilitation Fees - Corrupt
practices whose sole outcome is to accelerate or
facilitate decision making, the provision of goods
and services or the divulging of information.
c. Decision Altering (State Capture) Fees - Bribes
and promises of bribes which alter decisions or
affect them, or which affect the formation of
policies, laws, regulations, or decrees beneficial to
the bribing entity or person.
d. Information Altering Fees - Backhanders and
bribes that subvert the flow of true and complete
information within a society or an economic unit
(for instance, by selling professional diplomas,
certificates, or permits).
e. Reallocation Fees - Benefits paid (mainly to
politicians and political decision makers) in order
to affect the allocation of economic resources and
material wealth or the rights thereto. Concessions,
licenses, permits, assets privatized, tenders
awarded are all subject to reallocation fees.
To eradicate corruption, one must tackle both giver and
taker.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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