The prints of 101 (by mistake for 100) couplets of prints of the right fore-fingers of school children were taken by him from a large collection, the two members, A and B, being picked out at random and formed into a couplet. It was found that among the A children there were 22 arches, 50 loops, and 29 whorls, and among the B children 25, 34, and 42 respectively, as is shown by the _italic_ numerals in the last column, and again in the bottom row of Table XX. The remainder of the table shows the number of times in which an arch, loop, or whorl of an A child was associated with an arch, loop, or whorl of a B child. TABLE XX. _Observed Random Couplets._ +----------------------------------------------------+ | | A children. | Totals in | | B children. |------------------------| B children. | | | Arches.| Loops.|Whorls.| | |-------------|--------|-------|-------|-------------| | Arches | 5 | 12 | 8 | _25_ | | Loops | 8 | 18 | 8 | _34_ | | Whorls | 9 | 20 | 13 | _42_ | |-------------|--------|-------|-------|-------------| |Totals in A} | | | | | | children } | _22_ | _50_ | _29_ | 101 | +----------------------------------------------------+ TABLE XXI. _Calculated Random Couplets._ +----------------------------------------------------+ | | A children. | Totals in | | B children. |------------------------| B children. | | | Arches.| Loops.|Whorls.| | |-------------|--------|-------|-------|-------------| | Arches | 5.00 | 12.50 | 7.25 | _25_ | | Loops | 6.80 | 17.00 | 9.86 | _34_ | | Whorls | 8.40 | 21.00 | 12.18 | _42_ | |-------------|--------|-------|-------|-------------| |Totals in A} | | | | | | children } | _22_ | _50_ | _29_ | 101 | +----------------------------------------------------+ The question, then, was how far calculations from the above data would correspond with the contents of Table XX. The answer is that it does so admirably. Multiply each of the italicised A totals into each of the italicised B totals, and after dividing each result by 101, enter it in the square at which the column that has the A total at its base, is intersected by the row that has the B total at its side. We thus obtain Table XXI. We will now discuss in order the following relationships: the Fraternal, first in the ordinary sense, and then in the special case of twins of the same set; Filial, in the special case in which both parents have the same particular pattern on the same finger; lastly, the relative influence of the father and mother in transmitting their patterns. _Fraternal relationship._--In 105 fraternities the _observed_ figures were as in Table XXII.:-- TABLE XXII.