Fire-making Apparatus in the U. S. National Museum — John Shaqi
Fire-making Apparatus in the U. S. National MuseumHough, Walter
History
Fire-making Apparatus in the U. S. National Museum
Hough, Walter
Firemaking; Indians of North America -- Implements
Sir Daniel Wilson, in his work on Prehistoric Man, notes that the Red
Indians of Canada use the drill bow. In August, 1888, at the meeting of
the American association, at Toronto, he gave an account of the facility
with which these Indians make fire. He said that at Nipissing, on the
north shore of Lake Superior, while he was traveling in a pouring rain,
and not having the means wherewith to light a fire, an Indian
volunteered to light one. He searched around for a pine knot and for
tinder, rubbed up the soft inner bark of the birch between the hands,
got a stick from a sheltered place, made a socket in the knot and
another piece of wood for a rest for the drill, tied a thong to a piece
of a branch for a bow. He put the tinder in the hole and rested his
breast on the drill and revolved it with the bow and quickly made fire.
It is perhaps true that some of the Dacotas did use the bow at times,
but it is not correct to place it as the customary tool of the whole
stock. On the contrary, there is evidence that they used the simple
means. Dr. J. Owen Dorsey writes:
I was told in 1879 by the late Joseph La Flèche, that the Omahas,
prior to the advent of the white men, made fire by using pieces of the
“du-à-du-á-hi,” a grass (?) that grows in the Sand Hill region of
Nebraska, near the sources of the Elkhorn River. One piece was placed
horizontally on the ground, and a slight notch was cut at one end,
wherein a few grains of sand were put. The other stick was held
between the palms of the hands, with one end in the notch of the
horizontal stick, and then rolled first in one direction then in the
other till fire was produced. A fresh notch was made in the first
stick whenever the old one became useless, and so on until it became
necessary to procure a new stick.
In the Green Corn Dance of the Minitaries, another Siouan tribe, the
“corn is boiled on the fire, which is then put out by removing it with
the ashes and burying them. New fire is made by desperate and painful
exertion, by three men seated on the ground facing each other and
violently drilling the end of a stick into a hard block of wood by
rolling it between the hands, each one catching it in turn from the
others without allowing the motion to stop until smoke, and at last a
spark of fire is seen and caught in a piece of spunk, when there is
great rejoicing in the crowd.”[19] The desperate exertion was not
necessary, except in imitation of the Zuñi fashion of wetting the drill
to create sacred fire.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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