Fire-making Apparatus in the U. S. National Museum — John Shaqi
Fire-making Apparatus in the U. S. National MuseumHough, Walter
History
Fire-making Apparatus in the U. S. National Museum
Hough, Walter
Firemaking; Indians of North America -- Implements
The flint and pyrites method is the ancestor of the flint and steel. The
latter method came in with the Iron Age. It is found in the early
settlements of that period. A steel for striking fire was found in the
pile dwellings of the Ueberlinger See.[58] The Archæological Department
of the Museum has a specimen of a strike-a-light of the early age of
iron in Scandinavia. It is a flat, oval quartz stone with a groove
around the edge; it is thought to be for holding a strap by which it
could be held up and struck along the flat surface with the steel. It is
scored on these surfaces. The specimen in the Smithsonian is from the
national museum at Stockholm. In Egypt it is believed to have been used
for a long period, though there is no data at hand to support the
conclusion.[59] In China it has been in use for many centuries. Chinese
history, however, goes back to the use of sticks of wood. The _briquet_
must have been carried nearly everywhere by early commerce from the
ancient countries around the Mediterranean, as it was into new lands by
later commerce.
Many persons remember the tinder-box that was taken from its warm nook
beside the fire-place whenever a light was wanted; the matches tipped
with sulphur used to start a blaze from the glowing tinder are also
familiar to the older generation. The tinder-boxes in use in this
country were just like those in England from time immemorial down to
fifty years ago (fig. 48). Mr. Edward Lovett, of Croydon, England, who
has studied this matter thoroughly, calls attention to the resemblance
of the old English tinder-flints to the neolithic scrapers. These
scrapers, picked up at Brandon, can scarcely be discriminated from those
made at the present time at that place, and there is a suspicion that
the present tinder-flint has come down directly from neolithic times.
The old English steel, or “Flourish,” (fig. 48) is the characteristic
shape, and has been carried by English commerce into many places. A
picture of a strike-a-light used by the Lenguas of Brazil, seen lately,
shows the unmistakable old “flourish.”
[Illustration: Fig. 48. English Tinder-box (with flint, “flourish,”
and bundle of spunks.)
(Cat. No 75516, U. S. N. M. England. Collected by Louis and Maurice
Farmer.)]
The tinder-boxes had also a damper to extinguish the tinder of burnt
linen and to keep it dry. The lids were furnished often with a candle
socket. This feature, says Mr. Lovett, has led to their preservation as
candle-sticks long after they were superseded by matches.
[Illustration: Fig 49. Wheel Tinder-box.
(Cat No. 130431, U. S. N. M. Broadalbin, N. Y. Presented by F. S.
Hawley.)]
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