~8. The Salivary~ (sal'-i-vary)~ Glands.~--There are three pairs of _salivary glands_. They form a fluid called the _saliva_ (sa-li'-va). It is this fluid which moistens the mouth at all times. When we eat or taste something which we like, the salivary glands make so much saliva that we sometimes say the mouth waters. One pair of the salivary glands is at the back part of the lower jaw, in front of the ears. The other two pairs of glands are placed at the under side of the mouth. The saliva produced by the salivary glands is sent into the mouth through little tubes called _ducts_. ~9. The Gullet.~--At the back part of the throat begins a narrow tube, which passes down to the stomach. This tube is about nine inches long. It is called the _gullet_, _food-pipe_, or _oesophagus_ (e-soph'-a-gus). ~10. The Stomach.~--At the lower end of the oesophagus the digestive tube becomes enlarged, and has a shape somewhat like a pear. This is the _stomach_. In a full-grown person the stomach is sufficiently large to hold about three pints. At each end of the stomach is a narrow opening so arranged that it can be opened or tightly closed, as may be necessary. The upper opening allows the food to pass into the stomach, the lower one allows it to pass out into the intestines. This opening is called the _pylorus_ (py-lo'-rus), or gate-keeper, because it closes so as to keep the food in the stomach until it is ready to pass out. ~11.~ In the membrane which lines the stomach there are many little pocket-like glands, in which a fluid called the _gastric juice_ is formed. This fluid is one of the most important of all the fluids formed in the digestive canal. [Illustration: GASTRIC GLAND.] ~12. The Intestine~(in-tes'-tine).--At the lower end of the stomach the digestive canal becomes narrow again. This narrow portion, called the _intestine_, is about twenty-five feet long in a grown person. The last few feet of the intestine is larger than the rest, and is called the _colon_. This long tube is coiled up and snugly packed away in the cavity of the abdomen. In the membrane lining the intestines are to be found little glands, which make a fluid called _intestinal juice_. ~13. The Liver.~--Close up under the ribs, on the right side of the body, is a large chocolate-colored organ, called the _liver_. The liver is about half as large as the head, and is shaped so as to fit snugly into its corner of the abdomen. The chief business of the liver is to make a fluid called _bile_, which is very necessary for the digestion of our food. ~14.~ The bile is a bitter fluid of a golden-brown color. It is carried to the intestine by means of a little tube or duct, which enters the small intestine a few inches below the stomach. When the bile is made faster than it is needed for immediate use, it is stored up in a little pear-shaped sac called the _gall-bladder_, which hangs from the under side of the liver.