When it is day-time on one part of the earth, what is it on the opposite part? It is night-time on the opposite part. When it is morning to us, what is it to people living on the opposite side of the earth? When it is morning to us, it is evening to them; when it is day-time to us, it is night-time to them; and when it is noon to us, it is midnight to them. On how much of the earth is it always day? It is day on one-half of the earth, while on the other half it is night. The sun seems to move around the earth; does it really do so? No; it does not move around the earth. Does the _earth_ move? Yes; it turns over once every day. Why does it not seem to us to be moving? Because we move along with it. If we are on a railroad car, the trees and houses along the road appear to move, and the car to stand still; but the car really moves, while the trees and houses stand still. In what direction does the earth turn on its axis? The earth turns from west to east. Where do the sun, moon, and stars rise? The sun, moon, and stars rise in the east. The teacher may, by means of a ball or small globe, readily make these things so plain that they can be understood even by small children. When is it sunrise to us? When the part of the earth on which we are, first comes into the sun’s rays. When is it sunset to us? When the part of the earth on which we are, moves out of the sun’s rays. The Moon. We have been told that the earth moves around the sun; does any planet move around the earth? Yes; one planet moves around the earth. What is that planet called? It is called the Moon. [Illustration: Fig. 3.] How often does the moon move around the earth? Once in 27 d. 7 h. 43 min. How long is the time from new moon to new moon again? It is 29 d. 12 h. 44 min. How often do we have new moon? Once every 29 d. 12 h. 44 min. What is the period from one new moon to another called? It is called a Lunar month. Are the lunar months all of the same length? Yes; they are all of the same length. Is there any other kind of month? Yes; the Calendar month, as it stands in almanacs. How many calendar months in a year? There are twelve calendar months in a year. Are the calendar months all of the same length? No; some are thirty-one days long, some thirty days long, and one only twenty-eight days long. When can we see the moon and stars best? We can see them best when it is night. From what do the moon and the other planets get their light? They get their light from the sun. What do they do with this light? They reflect it. How do we see them? We see them by the light which they reflect. Why cannot we see the moon and stars in the day-time? Because the bright light of the sun hides their light. Are there stars in every direction around the earth? There are stars in every direction around the earth. How do we know this?