We can see the shadow on the moon, when the moon is eclipsed. What is the shadow on the moon like? It is round, like the shadow of a ball. When the Earth comes between the sun and the moon, where does the shadow of the earth fall? The shadow of the earth falls on the moon, as is represented in Fig. 4. [Illustration: Fig. 4.] What is this shadow on the moon called? It is called an Eclipse of the moon. How do we know that the moon is round? We know that the moon is round, because its shadow is similar to the shadow of the earth. When is the moon eclipsed? When it comes into the earth’s shadow. When the moon comes fully into the earth’s shadow, what is it called? It is called a total eclipse of the moon. When it comes partly into the earths shadow, what is it called? It is called a partial eclipse of the moon. When the moon comes between the sun and the earth, where does the shadow of the moon fall? The shadow of the moon falls on the earth, as is represented in Fig. 5. [Illustration: Fig. 5.] What does this produce? It produces an eclipse of the sun. When the moon is between the sun and the earth, can we see the sun? No; we cannot see the sun, because the moon prevents the rays of the sun from coming to us. When the moon prevents the sun’s rays from falling on us, what is it called? It is called an eclipse of the sun. When the moon prevents _all_ the sun’s rays from falling on us, what is it called? It is called a total eclipse of the sun. When the moon prevents only a part of the sun’s rays from falling on us, what is it called? It is called a partial eclipse of the sun. When will the _sun_ be eclipsed? Whenever the moon comes between the sun and the earth. When will the _moon_ be eclipsed? Whenever the earth comes between the sun and the moon. Who made the sun, the moon, and the stars? God, the creator of all things, made the sun, the moon, and the stars. He placed them in the heavens, where they remain in obedience to His will. He made the bright rays from the sun to light up the day, and give beauty to the world; but the feebler rays of the moon and the stars are seen best at night, when the sun is hid. [Illustration: Paddlewheel steamboat.] [Illustration: Decoration.] CHAPTER II. Light. Color. [Illustration: Illustrated Capital I] In what way is the sun useful to us? It gives heat, which makes us warm, and it gives light, so that we can see. Is it useful in any other way? It gives light and warmth to all animals as well as to all plants. What make the flowers and leaves so beautiful? The light and heat from the sun make them beautiful. What do the light and heat from the sun ripen? They ripen the apples, cherries, and other fruits; also, the wheat, corn, and other grains, and make them fit for food.