========================================================= WATER-YEAR | Average flow | Maximum | Minimum | ---------------+--------------+------------+------------+ 1951 | 5,489 | 148,000 | 36.0 | 1952 | 1,750 | 20,400 | 3.0 | 1953 | 261 | 7,590 | 0 | 1954 | 334 | 12,500 | 0 | 1955 | 786 | 16,100 | .2 | 1956 | 202 | 10,000 | 0 | 1957 | 871 | 14,700 | 0 | 1958 | 2,453 | 20,400 | 120.0 | [C]1959 | 750 | 10,900 | 3.4 | ---------------+--------------+------------+------------+ [A] (Oct. 1-Sept. 30, inclusive) [B] (Oct. 1-Sept. 30, inclusive) [C] The gaging station was moved a short distance downstream to the Kansas-Missouri state line. DESCRIPTION OF NEOSHO RIVER The Neosho River, a tributary of Arkansas River, rises in the Flint Hills of Morris and southwestern Wabaunsee counties and flows southeast for 281 miles in Kansas, leaving the state in the extreme southeast corner (Fig. 1). With its tributaries (including Cottonwood and Spring rivers) the Neosho drains 6,285 square miles in Kansas and enters the Arkansas River near Muskogee, Oklahoma (Schoewe, 1951:299). Upstream from its confluence with Cottonwood River, the Neosho River has an average gradient of 15 feet per mile. The gradient lessens rapidly below the mouth of the Cottonwood, averaging 1.35 feet per mile downstream to the State line (Anonymous, 1947:12). The banks of the meandering, well-defined channel vary from 15 to 50 feet in height and support a deciduous fringe-forest. The spelling of the name originally was "Neozho," an Osage Indian word signifying "clear water" (Mead, 1903:216). [Illustration: FIG. 1. Neosho and Marais des Cygnes drainage systems. Dots and circles indicate collecting-stations.] _Neosho River, Upper Station._--Two miles north and two miles west of Council Grove, Morris County, Kansas (Sec. 32 and 33, T. 15 S., R. 8 E.) (Pl. 28, Fig. 2, and Pl. 29, Fig. 1). Width 20 to 40 feet, depth to six feet, length of study-area one-half mile (one large pool plus many small pools connected by riffles), bottom of mud, gravel, and rubble. Muddy banks 20 to 30 feet high. According to H. E. Bosch (landowner) this section of the river dried completely in 1956, except for the large pool mentioned above. This section was intermittent in 1954 and 1955; it again became intermittent in the late summer of 1957 but not in 1958 or 1959.