Five Years' Explorations at Thebes: A Record of Work Done 1907-1911 by The Earl of Carnarvon and Howard CarterCarnarvon, George Edward Stanhope Molyneux Herbert, Earl of
History
Five Years' Explorations at Thebes: A Record of Work Done 1907-1911 by The Earl of Carnarvon and Howard Carter
Carnarvon, George Edward Stanhope Molyneux Herbert, Earl of
In 1911 search was made for the companion
deposit in the south-west corner (Pl. XXIV, _c_); this was soon found,
and it differed only in the fact that the secondary group--i. e. the
tools and implements--was missing.
[Illustration: FIG. 3. THE ‘VALLEY’-TEMPLE WALL.]
Beneath the foundations of the ‘Valley’-Temple we cut through a layer of
rock débris averaging two metres in thickness, and discovered a series
of pit and corridor tombs hewn in the rock-bed below. These had all been
plundered, some indeed twice, and most of their contents had been
scattered and some burnt. Several bore evidence of having been pilfered,
in the first instance, shortly after the close of the Middle Kingdom,
and then again during Hatshepsût’s reign, probably by the workmen
employed in building the ‘Valley’-Temple. As evidence of the earlier
plundering we may mention the fact that fragments of one stela were
found in two separate tombs (Nos. 27 and 31), on opposite sides of the
great wall. After this first plundering, the rock débris must have
collected to a considerable depth above the tombs before the second
spoliation took place, for rough retaining walls, built of stones and
bricks found in the mounds, were made to support the sides of the shafts
pierced through the earth by the later robbers.
[Illustration: FIG. 4. TOMB NO. 25.]
The tombs, as we have already noted, are of two types: (1) pit tombs,
comprising a vertical shaft with one or more chambers at the bottom, and
(2) corridor tombs, with open court in front, vestibule and passage
leading to chambers with vertical shafts, and sarcophagus chamber below.
In all cases the original contents had been plundered and some of the
tombs had been re-used towards the end of the Intermediate period. One
of the pit tombs, however, contained an unopened coffin and objects
scattered about the chambers, which all clearly belonged to the original
burial. Fortunately one of the objects--the fine casket figured in Pl.
XLVIII--was inscribed with the cartouche of Amenemhat IV, and
[Illustration: FIG. 5. TOMB NO. 37.]
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