Flag and Fleet: How the British Navy Won the Freedom of the SeasWood, William
History
Flag and Fleet: How the British Navy Won the Freedom of the Seas
Wood, William
Great Britain -- History, Naval; Sea-power
The first big battle of the first Hundred Years War was fought in 1340
between the French and English fleets at Sluys, a little seaport up a
river in the western corner of what is Holland now. King Philip of
France had brought together all the ships he could, not only French
ones but Flemish, with hired war galleys and their soldiers and slave
oarsmen from Genoa and elsewhere. But, instead of using this fleet to
attack the English, and so clear the way for an invasion of England, he
let it lie alongside the mudbanks of Sluys. Edward III, the future
victor of Cressy, Poitiers, and Winchelsea, did not take long to seize
so good a chance. The French fleet was placed as if on purpose to
ensure its own defeat; for it lay at anchor in three divisions, each
division with all the vessels lashed together, and the whole three in
one line with a flank to the sea. The English officers who had landed
to look at it saw at once that if this flank was properly attacked it
could be smashed in on the next bit of the line, and that on the next,
and so on, before the remaining bits could come to the rescue. On the
turn of the tide Edward swooped down with his best ships, knocked this
flank to pieces, and then went on till two divisions had been rolled up
in complete confusion. Then the ebb-tide set out to sea; and the
Genoese of the third division mostly got away.
Ten years later (1350) the English for the first time fought a Spanish
fleet and won a battle sometimes called Winchelsea and sometimes
Espagnols-sur-mer or Spaniards-on-the-sea. Edward III had sworn
vengeance against the Basque traders from the coast of Spain who had
plundered the English vessels coming in from France. So he made ready
to attack the Spanish Basques sailing home from Antwerp, where they had
hired Flemings and others to join the fray. This time each fleet was
eager to attack the other; and a battle royal followed. On the fine
afternoon of the 28th of August King Edward sat on the deck of his
flagship listening to Sir John Chandos, who was singing while the
minstrels played. Beside him stood his eldest son, the famous Black
Prince, then twenty years of age, and his youngest son, John of Gaunt,
then only ten. Suddenly the lookout called down from the tops: "Sire,
I see one, two, three, four--I see so many, so help me God, I cannot
count them." Then the King called for his helmet and for wine, with
which he and his knights drank to each others' health and to their
joint success in the coming battle. Queen Philippa and her ladies
meanwhile went into Winchelsea Abbey to pray for victory, now and then
stealing out to see how their fleet was getting on.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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