THE PENDANT, 72 SIGNALS AND OTHER FLAGS, 73 USE OF FLAGS IN NAVAL WARFARE, 75 INTERNATIONAL USAGE AS TO FLAGS, 88 FLAGS OF THE BRITISH ARMY, 96 USE OF FLAGS BY PRIVATE PERSONS, 102 FOREIGN FLAGS--FRANCE, 103 THE AMERICAN FLAG, 110 OTHER FOREIGN FLAGS, 113 CONCLUSION, 117 INDEX, 119 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. COLOURED PLATES. Plate Page I. Standard presented by Napoleon I. to his Guards at Elba, a short time before he invaded France in 1815, _Frontispiece_ II. The "Bluidy Banner" carried at Bothwell Brig, A.D. 1670, 54 III. Union Flags and Pendant, 62 IV. National Flags and Standards, 108 V. Do. do. 112 VI. Do. do. 116 WOODCUTS. Fig. 1. Ancient Egyptian Standards, 14 2. Other forms of Egyptian Standards, 15 3. Do. do. 15 4. Assyrian Standard, 17 5. Another form of Assyrian Standard, 17 6. Assyrian Standards and Standard-bearers, 18 7. Other varieties of Assyrian Standards, 19 8. Persian Standard, 20 9. Turkish Horse-tail Standard, 20 10. Standard of Turkish Pacha, 21 11. Roman Eagle, 21 12. The Roman Wolf on Standard, 21 13. Group of Roman Standards, 22 14. Roman Standard--Various Devices on same Staff, 23 15. Another form with different Devices, 23 16. Other Roman Standards, 24 17. Roman Labarum, 24 18. Standard of Constantine, 25 19. Dragon used as Roman Standard, 25 20. Standard of Earl of Warwick, 1437, 45 21. Flag of the Earl Marshall, 46 22. Standard of Earl Douglas, 1388, 48 23. Later Banner of the Douglas's, 49