Prostrate, glabrous and angular herb, ab. 1 ft. long. Leaves 6 in a whorl, linear, 1-nerved. Fl. purple, 3 together at ends of short lateral branches. Fr. 2-lobed, coriaceous. Nubia; Red Sea Prov. (Suakin, Soturba). =G. Decaisnei= _Boiss._ Annual, 6-9 in. high. Leaves 6 in a whorl, the upper linear, 1-nerved, the lower spathulate. Fl. purple, minute, in slender divaricate, terminal panicles. Nubia; Red Sea Prov. (Suakin, Soturba). =G. rotundifolium= _Linn._ Perennial; stems angular, hispidulous. Leaves 4 in a whorl, oval, 3-nerved, bristly on margins, ¾ in. long. Fl. small, white in terminal branched panicles, 4-merous. Fr. bristly-hairy. Darfur Prov. (Jebel Marra, 9,200 ft.). =G. Mollugo= _Linn._ Nearly glabrous perennial. Leaves 6-8 in a whorl, linear 1-nerved, ½ in. long, finely scabrid on margins. Fl. small, white, in branched terminal panicles. Fr. very small, subrugose, coriaceous. Red Sea Prov. (21° N.L.). =G. sp.= Very small delicate herb with thread-like branches. Leaves whorled, linear, ⅛ in. long. Flowers minute, on very slender pedicels. Ovary villous. Red Sea Prov. (21° N.L.). =COMPOSITÆ.= _A. Flower-heads homogamous; florets all tubular and hermaphrodite, white, rose, purple or violet, never distinctly yellow. Leaves alternate or with all or only lower leaves opposite._ 512 =Sparganophorus Vaillantii= _Gærtn._ Glabrous annual. Leaves alternate, linear-lanceolate to elliptical. Flower-heads ab. ⅓ in. in diam.; bracts numerous; involucre hemispherical. Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: by the Nabambisso River). 513 =Ethulia conyzoides= _Linn._ HASHISH EL FARRAS, RIHAN & UMREHAUN (Meshra El Zeraf)—Arab. Branched herb, ab. 3 ft. high. Capitula of purple florets, up to ¼ in. broad, in diffuse corymbose cymes; invol. bracts numerous. Leaves linear to narrow elliptic, 1-5 in. long. Kassala Prov. (Gallabat); Khartoum Prov.; Blue Nile Prov.; White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol); Kordofan Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas & Niamniam-land); Mongalla Prov.; Darfur Prov.; Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post). 514 =Erlangea cordifolia= _Benth._ Erect branching herb. Leaves alternate, amplexicaul, sessile, serrulate, scabrid above and hoary beneath, 1-3 in. long. Capitula campanulate ab. ⅓ in. diam.; florets purple. Upper White Nile Prov. (Kodok). =E. Rüppellii= _Sch. Bip._ Hoary-tomentose herb, ½-2 ft. high. Leaves alternate, or the lower opp., linear-lanceolate, 1-2½ in. long. Capitula ab. ⅓ in. in diam., in diffuse terminal corymbose cymes. Upper White Nile Prov. =E. polycephala= _O._ & _H._ Erect, more or less hoary-tomentose herb. Upper leaves lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, 1-2 in. long, base sessile, obtuse or amplexicaul. Capitula small in diffuse cymose panicles. Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur to Meshra, Niamniam-land). 515 =Vernonia jugalis= _O._ & _H._