Red Sea Prov. (sea-coast to 3,000-4,000 ft. to Erkowit); Fung Prov.; Kordofan Prov. (several places); Darfur Prov. 607 =Echium Rauwolfii= _Del._ Hirsute herb, ab. 1 ft. high. Stem-leaves alt., linear-oblong, small, sessile, covered with white, bulbous-based bristles; radical leaves oblanceolate, 4-6 in. long. Spikes up to 6 in. long; fl. 5-merous; cor. blue, funnel-shaped, ¾ in. long; nuts 4, shining. Dongola Prov.; Berber Prov.; Khartoum Prov.; Blue Nile Prov. (Wad Medani & Sennar); White Nile Prov. (Geteina). =E. longifolium= _Del._ KAHALI—Arab. Densely hirsute herb. Stem-leaves linear-oblong, sessile, small; radical leaves oblanceolate. Spikes many, lax; cor. blue, ab. ¾ in. long; nuts ⅙ in. diam., ovoid, rugose. Red Sea Prov. (Suakin, Soturba Mts. 22° N.L.); Dongola Prov. (Wadi Mahas). =E. arenarium= _Guss._ Herb with short, upward-pointing bristles. Leaves alt., oblanceolate. Spikes lax; bracts large, ovate-lanceolate; fl. 5-merous; cor. blue, up to ½ in. long; nuts 4, tubercled. Blue Nile Prov. (Wad Medani & Sennar); Fung Prov. (Roseires). =SOLANACEÆ.= 608 =Solanum æthiopicum= _Linn._ GUTA, QUTA, BEGINGAN EL GUTA—Arab. Tall unarmed herb. Leaves alt. or 2 at a node, oblong, sinuate. Cymes umbellate, few-flowered; cor. white, 5-7-fid; st. 5-7, anthers conniving into a cone (as all in this genus), dehiscing by terminal pores. Berry globose, pale red. Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas). The fruit is used for flatulence, the roots also as a remedy for colic. =S. nodiflorum= _Jacq._ HARSH (Kaka)—Arab. Herb. Leaves ovate-acuminate, 4 in. long. Cymes umbellate at or above the nodes, few-flowered; cor. rotate, white, ⅓ in. diam.; anther-pores large, oblique. Fr. globose, ½ in. diam., black. Fung Prov. (Roseires & Jongol’s Post); White Nile Prov.; Upper White Nile Prov. (Kaka wood station); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land); Belgian Congo (Niamniam-land). The deep purple juice of the berries can be used as an ink. =S. nigrum= _Linn._ ENAB EL DIB—Arab. Pubescent herb, up to 2 ft. high. Leaves obovate to lanceolate, sinuate- dentate, up to 4 in. long. Cymes extra-axillary, umbellate; cor. rotate, white, ¼ in. diam.; anther pores terminal, oblique. Berry globose, ¼ in. diam., black, rarely red or yellow. Red Sea Prov. (Khor Tamanib, Soturba mountains, seacoast); Khartoum, Blue Nile, Kordofan & Darfur Provinces. Berries black, used as a purgative. The whole plant is used as an article of diet for dropsical patients and those suffering from chronic inflammation of the liver. =S. schimperianum= _Hochst._ Shrub, 5 ft. high; young parts stellate-hairy. Leaves ovate, 1 in. long. Cymes few-flowered; fl. 4-merous; cor. ½ in. diam. Berry globose, nearly ½ in. diam. Between Suakin & Berber (Wadi Haraza). =S. albicaule= _Kotschy._