The seeds are acrid and possess emetic and cathartic properties, they are poisonous in large doses. They yield an oil which has been suggested for use in soap-making and as an illuminant, and which has been classed as a drying oil. =FUMARIACEÆ.= 28 =Fumaria officinalis= _Linn._ Pale, weak annual, with white, rose or purple flowers. Leaves much divided. White Nile Prov. (probably introduced). =TURNERACEÆ.= 29 =Wormskioldia lobata= _Urban._ Herb, 18 in.; stems not bristly. Flowers dilute yellow. Petals clawed. Stamens 5, unequal. Capsule linear, almost moniliform. Seeds pitted. Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas); Mongalla Prov. (Bahr El Jebel). =W. pilosa= _Schwfth._—_W. heterophylla_ Sch. & Thonn. Stout herb; stems with numerous purplish bristles. Leaves alternate, 4-5 in. long, lanceolate, toothed or pinnately lobed. Peduncles axillary, about 5-flowered. Flowers yellow. Petals clawed. Stamens 5, unequal. Capsule moniliform. Darfur Prov. (Kulme); Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Matamma); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas). =CAPPARIDACEÆ.= 30 =Cleome chrysantha= _Dec._ SAFEIRA, ASIN (Dongola)—Arab. Herb, up to 18 in. high. Leaves simple, oblong to rotundate-ovate. Flowers in axils of upper leaves; stamens 10-14. Capsule oval-oblong, about ¼ in. long. Red Sea Prov. (21° N. Lat., from sea level to 4,000 ft.); Halfa Prov.; Dongola Prov.; Berber Prov. (Berber Desert & Wadi Aros). =C. scaposa= _DC._ Hispid herb; flowers small. Leaves simple ovate to orbicular or cordate. Stamens 6. Capsule linear, up to 1½ in. long. Seeds minutely pitted. Nubia (between Suakin & Berber at Wadi Omarig); Red Sea Prov. (sea coast 22° Lat. N., J. Waratab); Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Matamma); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land); Khartoum Prov. (J. Royan). =C. monophylla= _Linn._ LISAN EL TEIR (Meshra El Zeraf—Arab; AKIA (Meshra El Zeraf)—Dinka. Erect herb, up to 2 ft. high. Flowers deep violet; pod on short gynophore, linear, cylindrical, straight. Leaves simple, lanceolate. Stamens 6. Kordofan Prov. (Abu Haraza and J. Kurbaj); Upper White Nile Prov. (Meshra El Zeraf); Mongalla Prov. (Sheikh Tombé); Darfur Prov. (Kulme); Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post). =C. arabica= _Linn._ Erect scabrous herb; leaves 3-foliolate. Racemes leafy; stamens 5-6. Capsule linear-oval, pendulous. Nubia; Red Sea Prov.; throughout Libya and the Sudan. =C. tenella= _Linn. f._ Glabrous herb, 1-2 ft. high; leaves 3-fol., leaflets filiform. Stamens 6. Fung Prov. (Fazoghli); Kordofan Prov. =C. brachycarpa= _Vahl._ ABULIKEITA (N. Kordn.)—Arab; BERBA’A (Port Sudan), & BERBERAN—Hadendowa. Low herb, 4-8 in. high; leaves 1-5 fol. Stamens 6 (one sometimes imperfect). Capsule elliptical, about ¼ in. long. Nubia; Red Sea Prov. (21° N. Lat.: at Ras Renai, near Saltpans); Kordofan Prov. (at Helba & Hadfia). =C. viscosa= _Linn._ RIHAN (Meshra El Zeraf), KOWAL (Blue Nile)—Arab.