=bract=, a small leaf, usually differing from foliage leaves in shape or colour, at the base of a flower stalk; also the divisions of an involucre. =bracteoles=, the last minute bracts under each flower. =bud=, a leaf or flower before it opens. =bulb=, a modified, usually underground stem, more or less globose in shape, clothed with succulent leaves or scales (_e.g._, the =Onion=). =caducous=, falling off early. =calyptrate=, with hood-like covering on flower or fruit. =calyx=, the outer envelope of a flower, made up of sepals. =campanulate=, bell-shaped. =cancellate=, resembling a grill, or latticed. =canescent=, hoary. =capillary=, hair-like, very fine. =capitate=, arranged in a head. =capitulum= or =head=, when several sessile (or nearly so) flowers are collected into a compact head-like cluster at the end of the axis. =capsule=, a dry dehiscent seed-vessel composed of 2 or more carpels and usually containing several seeds. =carpel=, the leaf of one of the leaves forming the ovary. =caudate=, produced at the apex into a long, tail-like appendage. =cauline=, growing from the stem. =cell=, a unit of plant growth, also a subdivision of the ovary, _e.g._, 5-celled ovary. =ciliate=, fringed with long hairs. =circinate=, rolled up like the top of a bishop’s crozier. =cirrhate=, with curled or forked tendrils. =cladode=, a flattened branch taking on the appearance and functions of a leaf (_e.g._, =Asparagus=). =clavate=, club-shaped, _i.e._, cylindrical, but getting broader at the apex. =claw=, the narrowed base of a petal. =club-shaped=, see =clavate=. =coccus=, 1-seeded carpel of a dehiscent fruit. =column=, applied to stamens and style when confluent, as in =Asclepiadaceæ= and =Orchidaceæ=. =compound inflorescence=, when an inflorescence, such as a =raceme=, =umbel=, etc., is subdivided into subsidiary inflorescences, and forms a =panicle=, =compound umbel=, etc. =compound leaf=, when a leaf is divided into segments right down to the midrib, so that each segment forms an individual =leaflet= which can drop off by itself at the fall of the leaves. =connate=, when two or more like-parts of a flower are united. =connective=, the portion of the anther which unites the two cells. =connivent=, converging. =cordate=, heart-shaped, _i.e._, of a leaf, with 2 rounded basal lobes and ovate, unless otherwise mentioned. =coriaceous=, thick and tough, like leather. =corm=, a bulb-shaped solid underground stem, in which reserve material is stored. =corolla=, the inner envelope of a flower (not always present), made up of petals. =corona=, a crown-like excrescence between corolla and stamens. =corymb=, a raceme, the lower pedicels of which are gradually lengthened so as to bring all its flowers on the same level. =costate=, ribbed. =cotyledon=, one of the (or the) first seed-leaves. =crenate=, with rounded teeth. =crenulate=, with small rounded teeth. =culm=, the stem of =Bamboos=. =cuneate=, wedge-shaped.