And what is that we see—that long red horn?
That is the tropæolum’s nectary. It is framed from the calyx, in which
certain of the sepals have grown together to form this horn of plenty.
We are tempted to call it a horn of plenty because it is shaped like a
cornucopia and is overflowing with sweet nectar.
It is no wonder the bees and humming birds visit Tropæolum so
constantly.
She has provided a most attractive dish of honey for them, but she has
so cleverly placed it that they cannot reach it without doing her a
service. In our climate bees and humming birds are her constant
visitors, but in her own home, in South America, she may have visitors
we do not know. She may have a favorite moth whose tongue just fits into
her long red horn, or it may be a humming bird that comes to her there,
for South America is the home of the humming birds, or it may be a
butterfly. We do not know about that, but we do know that her red spur
has doubtless grown to its present form to please some beloved bird or
insect, and that the bill or tongue of that bird or insect is as long as
her red spur.
Why do you suppose Tropæolum makes honey for the insects and the birds?
Why does she love to have them come and take the nectar from her long
red horn?
I think I know the reason why. She has placed her horn of nectar just
back of her stamens. The bees must walk over the stamens before they can
reach the nectar. The humming bird must touch the anthers when he
thrusts in his bill. Whatever takes the honey must touch the anthers.
This is why Tropæolum has a long red horn full of rich nectar. She
wishes the birds and insects that come to her for honey to touch her
anthers, which are overflowing with red pollen.
She has made the pollen for her friends, and not for her own use. She
wishes her neighbors, the other tropæolums, to have the beautiful gift;
but how can she send it to them?
[Illustration: [Humming bird]]
She makes herself beautiful and bright; she fills her horn with honey
and exhales fragrance.
[Illustration: [Tropæolum]]
The bees and the humming birds see her and approach. No doubt they
rejoice in the bright colors, the perfume, and the nectar. They come on
bright wings, and as they approach the nectary the grains of red pollen
cling to them.
They cannot get enough nectar from one flower; each gives them a little,
then they fly to others for more. From flower to flower they hasten and
scatter pollen as they go. The pollen from one flower is often left in
another, and this is what the tropæolum wants. It wishes its pollen to
reach another flower, and uses the bees and the humming birds as its
messengers.
Its stamens lie flat on the floor of the flower. When one is about to
ripen its anther rises and stands up in front of the spur, where the
nectar is ready. Then out bursts the fine red pollen. Only one anther
ripens at a time. It sometimes takes several days for the tropæolum to
shed all its pollen.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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