It lives in the water, of course. It would dry up if it were out in the
air. You should think it would _melt_ in the water? Well, it does not,
any more than a jellyfish melts. When it comes to some little speck of
dead plant or animal, or, for all I know, to some living speck small
enough, it proceeds to eat it.
[Illustration: [Cells]]
It glides over it in the way you know about, and wraps the food speck up
in its body. Then it draws out all the good part of the food into its
own substance and goes on, leaving behind the waste particles.
Do you not think that is a good deal for an amœba to be able to do? But
it can do more than this; it can divide itself in two and make two amœbæ
out of one.
The little amœba is called a “cell.” After awhile you will see why. The
whole amœba is just one cell.
As to whether it is a plant or an animal you will have to ask the amœba,
for I cannot tell you. Some think it is a plant and some say it is an
animal.
I do not think it makes much difference which you say it is.
A bit of protoplasm living by itself is called a “cell.”
Many plants and animals have, like the amœba, only one cell. Very often
the little one-celled being has a thick outside wall. The protoplasm
changes part of the food into a hard substance, that is, it builds
itself a wall.
Very often cells live together in colonies instead of living alone. In
such cases, the first cell divides into two cells, but the two stay
together instead of entirely separating. Then each of these two cells
divides again, and the four cells stay together, and so it goes on until
a large body is built up of many cells.
The truth is, plants are only collections of cells which have agreed to
work together. Where there is but one cell, it has to do all sorts of
work; but where there are many, some do one kind of work, some
another,—just as Robinson Crusoe, living all alone on the island of Juan
Fernandez, had to do all sorts of things for himself: make his own shoes
and clothes, get his own food and cook it, build his own house, and
gather his own wood. But in a town one set of men makes shoes, another
chops wood, another raises vegetables and grain, another grinds the
grain, and another bakes the bread; then they all exchange with each
other, and everybody has enough—or ought to have.
So in the plant made of many cells. One set of cells makes hard walls to
protect the plant. Another set draws up water from the earth for all the
cells in the plant, for living things require a great deal of water.
Another set takes gas from the air and changes it into food. Another set
makes tubes for the sap to flow through. Other sets do other things.
Each set of cells does something for the whole plant.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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