While these chapters were being published in the _American Magazine_ (one chapter, that on lynching, in _McClure's Magazine_) I received many hundreds of letters from all parts of the country. I acknowledge them gratefully. Many of them contained friendly criticisms, suggestions, and corrections, which I have profited by in the revision of the chapters for book publication. Especially have the letters from the South, describing local conditions and expressing local points of view, been valuable to me. I wish here, also, to thank the many men and women, South and North, white and coloured, who have given me personal assistance in my inquiries. CONTENTS CHAPTER PAGE PREFACE vii PART I THE NEGRO IN THE SOUTH I. A Race Riot and After 3 II. Following the Colour Line in the South: A Superficial View of Conditions 26 III. The Southern City Negro 45 IV. In the Black Belt: The Negro Farmer 66 V. Race Relationships in the Country Districts 87 PART II THE NEGRO IN THE NORTH VI. Following the Colour Line in the North 109 VII. The Negroes' Struggle for Survival in Northern Cities 130 PART III THE NEGRO IN THE NATION VIII. The Mulatto: The Problem of Race Mixture 151 IX. Lynching, South and North 175 X. An Ostracised Race in Ferment: The Conflict of Negro Parties and Negro Leaders over Methods of Dealing with Their Own Problem 216 XI. The Negro in Politics 233 XII. The Black Man's Silent Power 252 XIII. The New Southern Statesmanship 271 XIV. What to Do About the Negro--A Few Conclusions 292 Index 311 ILLUSTRATIONS An Old Black "Mammy" with White Child _Frontispiece_ FACING PAGE Fac-similes of Certain Atlanta Newspapers of September 22, 1906 7 James H. Wallace 10 R. R. Wright 10 H. O. Tanner 10 Rev. H. H. Proctor 10 Dr. W. F. Penn 10 George W. Cable 10 Showing how the Colour Line Was Drawn by the Saloons at Atlanta, Georgia 35 Interior of a Negro Working-man's Home, Atlanta, Georgia 46