--------------------------+--------------+------------- | |m.g. K(OH) Fat. |Melting point.|to saponify | |one gramme. --------------------------+--------------+------------- | ° ° | Cocoa-butter | 30 to 33 |198 to 203 Arachidis oil | .. | 191·3 Sesamé oil | .. | 190·0 Cotton-seed and olive oil | .. | 191·7 Almond oil | .. | 194·5 Palm oil | 35 to 36 | 202·5 Lard | 32 „ 33 | 195·5 Mutton tallow (fresh) | 42·5 „ 45 | .. Mutton tallow (old) | 43·5 | 196·5 Bone fat | 21 to 22 | 190·0 Beeswax | 63 | .. --------------------------+--------------+------------- Other tests have also been suggested for the detection of foreign fats in cocoa-butter:-- (_a_) Treat the fat with two parts of cold ether; pure cocoa-butter dissolves, forming a clear solution, whereas in presence of tallow or wax a cloudy mixture is obtained. (_b_) Dissolve 10 grammes of the suspected fat in benzole, and expose the solution to a temperature of 0°. By this treatment a separation of pure cocoa-butter in minute grains is produced. The liquid is now heated to 14°·4, when the cocoa-fat will re-dissolve to a transparent solution, while the presence of tallow will be recognised by the turbid appearance of the liquid. FOOTNOTES: [14] Jahresberichte, 1883, p. 1002. [15] Agrikulturchemische Versuchstation, in Münster. [16] Op. cit. [17] Repert. f. Analyt. Chemie, 1884, p. 345. MILK. Owing to the very important sanitary relations of milk as a model food, the subject of its sophistication has during the past ten years received particular notice at the hands of the food-chemist. The investigations of our public sanitary authorities have shown that milk adulteration is exceedingly common. It is stated upon good authority that until quite recently (1883) the 120 millions of quarts of milk annually brought into New York city were intentionally diluted with 40 millions of quarts of water, the resulting product rivalling in richness the famous compound once lauded by the philanthropic Squeers. The results of the examination of milk instituted by the New York State Board of Health are given below, in which, however, the specimens of skimmed milk are not included:--