The essential ingredients of milk are water, fat, caseine, sugar (lactose), and inorganic salts. The following table, collated by Mr. Edward W. Martin,[19] exhibits the results obtained by numerous authorities from the analysis of pure cow’s milk:-- --------------+-------+------+-------+-----+------+------+--------+------ Authority or |Number | | Total | |Solids| | | Analyst. | of |Water.|solids.|Fat. | not |Sugar.|Caseine.|Salts. | cows. | | | | fat. | | | --------------+-------+------+-------+-----+------+------+--------+------ | | p.c. | p.c. | p.c.| p.c. | p.c. | p.c. | p.c. James Bell | 216 |87·17 | 12·83 | 3·83| 9·00 | .. | .. | 0·71 | | | | | | | | James Bell | 24 |86·78 | 13·22 | 4·12| 9·10 | .. | .. | 0·72 |dairies| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | C. Estecourt | 22 |87·26 | 12·74 | 3·37| 9·37 | .. | .. | .. |dairies| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | J. Carter Bell| 183 |86·40 | 13·60 | 3·70| 9·90 | .. | .. | 0·76 J. Cameron | 42 |86·53 | 13·47 | 4·00| 9·47 | .. | .. | .. C. Cameron | 40 |87·00 | 13·00 | 4·00| 9·00 | 4·28 | 4·10 | 0·62 C. Cameron | 100 |86·75 | 13·85 | 4·60| 9·25 | .. | .. | .. | | | | | | | | Fleischmann } | 120 |87·78 | 12·22 | 3·20| 9·02 | .. | .. | .. and Veith } | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Veith | 60 |87·20 | 12·80 | 3·10| 9·70 | .. | .. | .. Veith | 9120 |86·97 | 13·03 | 3·52| 9·51 | .. | .. | .. Wanklyn |Average|87·50 | 12·50 | 3·20| 9·30 | .. | .. | .. | | | | | | | | A. Wynter } | „ |86·87 | 13·13 | 3·50| 9·63 | .. | .. | .. Blyth } | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Marchand | „ |87·15 | 12·85 | 3·55| 9·30 | .. | .. | .. | | | | | | | | Henry and } | „ |87·02 | 12·98 | 3·13| 9·85 | 4·77 | 4·48 | 0·60 Chevalier } | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Vernois } | „ |86·40 | 13·60 | 3·60|10·00 | .. | .. | .. Becquerel } | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Payen | „ |86·60 | 13·40 | 3·50| 9·90 | .. | ..