False spikenard (_Smilacina racemosa_) 1 Greenbrier berries (_Smilax_ sp.) 2 Bayberries (_Myrica carolinensis_) 1 Poke berries (_Phytolacca decandra_) 2 Crab apples (_Pyrus_ sp.) 1 Wild black cherries (_Prunus serotina_) 5 Blackberries or raspberries (_Rubus_ sp.) 2 Sumac berries (_Rhus_ sp.) 1 Black-alder berries (_Ilex verticillata_) 1 Wild grapes (_Vitis_ sp.) 5 Wild sarsaparilla (_Aralia_ sp.) 1 Flowering dogwood (_Cornus florida_) 5 Rough-leaved dogwood (_Cornus asperifolia_) 2 White cornel (_Cornus candidissima_) 1 Dogwood (_Cornus_ sp.) 1 Sour gum (_Nyssa sylvatica_) 2 Black nightshade (_Solanum nigrum_) 1 Dockmackie (_Viburnum acerifolium_) 1 Arrowwood (_Viburnum_ sp.) 1 Elderberries (_Sambucus canadensis_) 3 Fruit not further identified 6 _Summary._--In the food of the gray-cheeked thrush the only useful element is a small percentage (2.83) of useful beetles. The remainder of the animal food is composed of either harmful or neutral elements. The vegetable food, drawn entirely from nature's great storehouse, contains no product of human industry, either of grain or fruit. Whatever the sentimental reasons for protecting this bird, the economic ones are equally valid. OLIVE-BACKED AND RUSSET-BACKED THRUSHES. (_Hylocichla ustulata swainsoni_ and _Hylocichla ustulata ustulata_.) The olive-backed thrush and its relative, the russet-backed, occupy the whole of the United States at some time during the year. The olive-back breeds north of our northern border, except in the higher mountains, and the russet-back on the Pacific coast nests as far south as southern California. The habits of birds of this species resemble those of others of the genus in living in swamps and woodlands rather than in gardens and orchards. The russet-back on the Pacific coast, however, seems to have become quite domestic, and wherever a stream runs through or past an orchard or garden, or the orchard is near thick chaparral, this bird is sure to be found taking its toll of the fruit and rearing its young in the thicket beside the stream. During the cherry season it takes a liberal share of the fruit, but its young, then in the nest, are fed almost entirely on insects. The eastern subspecies, on the contrary, does not come in contact with domestic fruit or any other product of husbandry. A great number of the subspecies nest far north of the region of fruit raising.