More definite information is needed respecting the pathological conditions caused by these bacteria in animals and the relation of such conditions to subsequent human infection. A rather remarkable problem is presented by the relation of _B. suipestifer_ to hog cholera. This bacillus, although not now considered the causal agent of hog cholera, is very commonly associated with the disease as an accessory or secondary invader, and is frequently found in the internal organs of swine after death. It might be supposed that in regions where hog cholera is prevalent human infections would be more common than in other districts, but this seems not to be the case. No connection has ever been demonstrated between outbreaks of hog cholera--in which _B. suipestifer_ is known to be abundantly distributed--and so-called _B. suipestifer_ infections in man. Suppurative processes in cattle, and especially in calves, have given rise to poisoning from the use of the meat or milk of the infected animals. It has been often demonstrated that bacteria of the _enteritidis-suipestifer_ group are associated with inflammation of the udder in cows and with a variety of septicemic conditions in cattle and other domestic animals as well as with manifestations of intestinal disturbances ("calf diarrhea," etc.).[80] The frequency with which poisoning has occurred through the use of the meat of "emergency-slaughtered" animals has been already mentioned. K. F. Meyer[81] has reported an instance of accidental infection in a laboratory worker caused by handling a bottle of sterilized milk that had been artificially contaminated with a pure culture of _B. enteritidis_ for experimental purposes. The strain responsible for the infection had been isolated from the heart blood of a calf that had succumbed to infectious diarrhea. 2. Human contamination: In a certain number of paratyphoid food infections there is some evidence that the food was originally derived from a healthy animal and became infected from human sources during the process of preparation. In addition to the instances already mentioned (Reinhold _et al._, p. 67) the Wareham (England, 1910) epidemic[82] was considered by the investigators to be due to infection of meat pies by a cook who was later proved to be a carrier of paratyphoid bacilli. The evidence in this case, however, is not altogether conclusive. Söderbaum[83] mentions a milk-borne paratyphoid epidemic occurring in Kristiania which was ascribed to infection of the milk by a woman milker. Sacquépée and Bellot[84] report an interesting paratyphoid outbreak involving nineteen out of two hundred and fifty men in a military corps. The patients fell ill on different dates between June 14 and June 21.