=Beverages.=——The dictionary defines “beverage” as “drink of any kind.” The word is used in different forms in several languages and is traced back to the Latin _bibere_, to drink. The common beverages will be studied in detail in connection with their preparation. They have slight nutritive value, save for the added milk, cream, and sugar. Cocoa and chocolate contain fat, and so have to be classed as foods. Milk is not a beverage, strictly speaking, but a food, and should be counted as a part of a meal. EXERCISES 1. State the important topics in the study of foods. 2. Explain the difference between a “food material” and a “foodstuff.” 3. What are the important elements in protein, fat, and carbohydrates? 4. What food materials are rich in protein? In fat? In carbohydrate? In mineral matter? 5. Explain the meaning and use of the “Calorie.” 6. State the functions of food. 7. What is a food adjunct? 8. What is the waste material in food? CHAPTER II KITCHEN FURNISHINGS There is no more attractive room than a well-fitted kitchen, shining with cleanliness; and the kitchen furnishings should have their fair share of the money spent in buying furniture for the house. A spotless cleanliness is the standard for the kitchen, and all the equipment should be selected with the thought of making cleanliness easily possible. Next in order is forethought in securing the comfort and convenience of the worker. =Plan of the kitchen.=——Here the motto should be “Save steps.” How many weary miles do women walk within their kitchen walls because the sink, the stove, the refrigerator and the closets for food and dishes are put in to fit the spaces allowed by the windows and doors, with no thought of the rapid and easy dispatch of work. Figure 2 shows the plan of a kitchen, of the “buffet” type, suitable for a small home or apartment. As this plan is drawn it would be necessary to use either electric apparatus, or a small gas stove upon one of the tables. A large gas stove could stand in place of the table at (1), or against the wall at (2), pushing the table at (3) nearer the door. The cupboards at (4) and (5) should be raised, leaving table space at both the right and left of the sink. Notice that the ice box is in the entry, and also that there is a cupboard that could be used for food. The china cupboard is conveniently near in the dining-room. [Illustration: FIG. 2.——Plan of a small kitchen. _Courtesy of the House Beautiful._]