Foods and Household Management: A Textbook of the Household ArtsKinne, Helen
General
Foods and Household Management: A Textbook of the Household Arts
Kinne, Helen
Cooking; Food; Home economics
The digestion in the stomach produces chiefly large fragments of the
original protein, called proteoses. In the pancreatic juice is a powerful
enzyme called trypsin, which digests proteins, first to fragments, next
smaller than proteoses, called peptones, and finally breaks these peptones
into amino acids. In the intestinal juice is another enzyme called
erepsin, which also forms amino acids from proteoses and peptones, thus
finishing any digestion of protein left incomplete by the trypsin.
Fate of the absorbed foodstuffs
Carbohydrates, absorbed as glucose or other monosaccharids, are carried by
the portal blood to the liver, and thence passed into the blood, to be
burned in the muscles, if needed for fuel, or stored temporarily in the
liver and muscles as glycogen (a polysaccharid yielding glucose) for
future conversion to sugar when required as fuel.
Fats, passing through the intestinal wall as fatty acids and glycerol,
enter the lymph largely as fat again, and finally pass to the blood to be
burned in the muscles for fuel, or to be stored as fat until needed.
Proteins pass into the blood as amino acids. Those needed for building
material are taken up by the cells (especially cells of the muscles) and
those not required for this purpose are freed from their nitrogen (in the
liver or muscles) and then burned for fuel.
For a fuller discussion of the fate of the absorbed foodstuffs see Chapter
IV of Sherman’s “Chemistry of Food and Nutrition.”
APPENDIX
_TABLE I_
Edible Organic Nutrients and Fuel Values of Foods
Note 1.——Adapted from Table I, Appendix, “Chemistry of Food and
Nutrition,” Sherman. See this volume for more complete list. Also Bulletin
28, Office of Experiment Stations, U. S. Department of Agriculture.
Note 2.——E. P. signifies edible portion; A. P. signifies as purchased.
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