Foods and Their Adulteration: Origin, Manufacture, and Composition of Food Products; Description of Common Adulterations, Food Standards, and National Food Laws and RegulationsWiley, Harvey Washington
Science
Foods and Their Adulteration: Origin, Manufacture, and Composition of Food Products; Description of Common Adulterations, Food Standards, and National Food Laws and Regulations
Wiley, Harvey Washington
Food; Food adulteration and inspection
=Canned Poultry.=--Other fresh meats, in addition to beef and pork, are
canned in a fresh state. In the case of poultry the fowls are dressed
and drawn and the whole carcass boiled until the meat is sufficiently
cooked to facilitate the separation from the bones. The bones are then
removed and the meat is canned and sterilized by practically the same
method as practiced with canned beef. Game and wild fowl meats are also
subjected to the same process of canning as the domesticated chickens,
geese, ducks, turkeys, etc. In general it may be said that there are no
differences in the processes employed, but the important question to
the consumer is the character of the raw materials used, the sanitary
conditions which attended their preparation, and their freedom from
admixtures of other meats cheaper in price and of different dietetic
values.
=Adulteration of Canned Fresh Meat.=--Fortunately the process of
sterilization is of such a character, when properly carried out, as to
exclude all necessity for the addition of any preservative substances
to canned fresh meat. The use of ordinary condimental substances in
moderate quantities cannot be regarded as an adulteration. Hence, the
addition of small quantities of salt, sugar, vinegar, and the ordinary
spices, when used solely for the improvement of the taste and flavor
and not for preservative purposes, is regarded as unobjectionable.
The common preservatives used in canned meat are, first, those which
give color to the meat and preserve its natural red tint. For this
purpose saltpeter and sulfite of soda are most commonly employed. Red
dyes of any description are rarely, if ever, found. The preservative
which is used most frequently in canned meat is borax or boric acid.
That this use is not necessary is evident from the investigations which
have been made in the Bureau of Chemistry which show that in most
cases no preservatives at all are used. The addition of any chemical
preservative is, therefore, to be regarded as unnecessary and as an
adulteration.
The use of any diseased, tainted, decomposed, or filthy meat, even if
it is of the same origin as that in the can, is an adulteration of the
most serious character and which can only be effectually controlled
by the inspection mentioned above. The adulteration of the meat of
fowls of all descriptions by cheaper meats, such as pork or veal, even
if they be of wholesome and sound character, is an adulteration said
to be often practiced and one which it is difficult to detect if the
particles of meat are finely comminuted.
=Standard for Preserved Meats.=--The standard for preserved meat is the
same as that for fresh meat which is given in the Appendix (Circular
19, Office of Secretary, Department of Agriculture). The meat must be
sound, wholesome, clean, freshly taken from the slaughtered animal, and
not one that has died from disease, suffocation, or otherwise, and must
conform in name and character to the meat of the animal.
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