Foods and Their Adulteration: Origin, Manufacture, and Composition of Food Products; Description of Common Adulterations, Food Standards, and National Food Laws and RegulationsWiley, Harvey Washington
Science
Foods and Their Adulteration: Origin, Manufacture, and Composition of Food Products; Description of Common Adulterations, Food Standards, and National Food Laws and Regulations
Wiley, Harvey Washington
Food; Food adulteration and inspection
The high percentage of glycogen in horse meat is one of the safest
methods of determining its character when comminuted or cut up into
pieces so small as not to be identified by the usual anatomical
characteristics. Very few other kinds of edible flesh contain as much
as one percent of glycogen. Glycogen is a transitory product which
tends naturally to be broken up into other substances, and, hence,
even in horse meat after slaughter, it may rapidly disappear and thus,
unless the meat is examined at once, very little glycogen may be found
in it. A safer test for horse meat is in the nature of the fat therein.
This fat does not tend to change as the glycogen does, and, therefore,
in a pure preparation of horse meat even in a finely comminuted state
the separation and examination of the fat will lead to a determination
of the character of meat employed. The fats of horse meat have a lower
melting point, a higher iodin number, and a higher heat value when
mixed with sulfuric acid than those of beef.
Indeed, these differences are so marked as to afford a ready means of
detection to the practical chemist. Even in the mixture of horse meat
with other meat the variation in the character of the fats will be such
as to lead to a correct judgment respecting the approximate amount of
horse meat which has been used, provided it forms any notable amount of
the mixture.
=Canned Cured Meats.=--Sterilization is such a certain method of
preventing the decay of meats that it has now come into use to a large
extent in the final preservation of shipments of cured meats. The
object of curing, as has already been stated, is not merely to prevent
the meat from decaying, nor is it intended to inhibit entirely enzymic
action. On the contrary, if the method of curing were such as to
entirely stop fermentative action, the flavors and aromas of preserved
meats, upon which their value so much depends, would be eliminated,
and we would simply have a mass of tasteless meat, preserved from
decay by the application of chemical preservatives of a character
to impart neither flavor nor aroma to the meat and at the same time
prevent the activity of the various ferments above described. Such
methods of preparation, naturally, should never be of general use,
because in cured meats the consumer demands the flavor which naturally
proceeds from the ordinary method of curing. After curing and when
subjected to transportation the meats may undergo decomposition and
reach their destination in a spoiled state. To avoid this it has been
a customary practice to pack the meat in a chemical preservative, such
as borax. This is, however, a very objectionable practice because
even in the cured state the meat is still absorptive, and the borax,
which is packed externally upon it, as a precaution during transit,
must necessarily penetrate to a certain extent to the interior of
the meat. By packing cured meat in tins and subjecting these tins to
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