Cheesek-ook, Cheesek-okes, Cheesec-oks, Cheesquaki, are forms of the name given as that of a tract of "Upland and meadow," so described in Indian deed, 1702, and included in the Cheesek-ook Patent, covering parts of the present counties of Rockland and Orange. It is now preserved as the name of a hill, to which it was assigned at an early date, and is also quoted as the name of adjacent lands in New Jersey. The suffix _-ook, -oke, -aki,_ etc., shows that it was the name of land or place (N. J., _-ahke;_ Len. _-aki_). It is probably met in _Cheshek-ohke,_ Ct., translated by Dr. Trumbull from _Kussukoe,_ Moh., "High," and _-ohke,_ "Land or place"--literally, high land or upland. The final _s_ in some forms, is an English plural: it does not belong to the root. (See Coxackie.) In pronunciation the accent should not be thrown on the letter _k_; that letter belongs to the first word. There is no _Kook_ about it. Tappans, Carte Figurative of date (presumed) 1614-16, is entered thereon as the name of an Indian village in Lat. 41° 15', claimed, traditionally, to have been at or near the site of the later Dutch village known as Tappan, in Rockland County. In the triangulation of the locative on the ancient map is inscribed, "En effen veldt" (a flat field), the general character of which probably gave name to the Indian village. Primarily, it was a district of low, soft land, abounding in marshes and long grasses, with little variation from level, extending along the Hudson from Tappan to Bergen Point, a distance of twenty-seven miles. Wassenaer wrote, in 1621-25, _Tapants_; DeLaet wrote, in 1624, _Tappaans_; in Breeden Raedt, _Tappanders_; _Tappaen,_ De Vries, 1639; _Tappaen,_ Van der Horst deed, 1651: _Tappaens,_ official Dutch; "Savages of _Tappaen_"; _Tappaans,_ Van der Donck, are the early orthographies of the name and establish it as having been written by the Dutch with the long sound of _a_ in the last word--_paan_ (-paen)--which may be read _pan,_ as a pan of any kind, natural or artificial--a stratum of earth lying below the soil--the pan of a tap into which water flows--a mortar pit. [FN-1] The compound word _Tap-pan_ is not found in modern Dutch dictionaries, but it evidently existed in some of the German dialects, as it is certainly met in _Tappan-ooli (uli)_ on the west coast of Summatra, in application, to a low district lying between the mountains and the sea, opposite a fine bay, in Dutch possession as early as 1618, and also in _Tappan-huacanga,_ a Dutch possession in Brazil of contemporary date. It is difficult to believe that Tappan was transferred to those distant parts from an Indian name on Hudson's River; on the contrary its presence in those parts forces the conclusion that it was conferred by the Dutch from their own, or from some dialect with which they were familiar, precisely as it was on Hudson's River and was descriptive of a district of country the features of which supply the meaning. DeLaet wrote in his